Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Sergeev Jury
Articles in journal: (total 10)
Results of research in regulation of light exposure of krone and transformation of growth shoots in fruit formations in the low growing apple-trees with density of placing 2000 pieces/hectare and more are presented. In most varieties of apple-trees summer pruning decreases vegetative growth and improves the conditions of formation and development of fruit formations. Balanced training of krone stabilizes fructification.
The results of study of efficiency of regulative mthodes of crown lightning and stereo metric parameters of various crowns structure of dwarf apple-tree in the intensive plantations in southern Russia
The most important criterions for optimizing the construction parameters of the orchard are the level of technogenic loads, the payback period of capital investments, the productivity of trees through the use of special systems for the formation of crowns, etc. For the current level of development of the fruit growing industry, the urgency of creating fruit trees with a leaf canopy that actively uses light and assimilates PhAR by method of surgical treatment of the crown is due, first of all, to the economic aspect of organizing stable fruits production in an unstable environment. The solution of this task in 2015-2017 the works on the implementation of a resource-saving control system elaborated in the NCRRIH&V for the stereometric parameters of "crown-row" in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Western Ciscaucasia in young orchards of the middle-apple tree of the winter ripening was devoted. The object of research is the apple-tree of 2012 landing on the MM106 rootstock of the Aidared, Renet Simirenko, Golden Delishes varieties in the industrial plantations of the "Sady Predgoria" (Seversky District, Krasnodar Territory) in gray forest-steppe soils. The introduction of the formation system "crown-row" was carried out in 2013. For 4 years after planting, the plantation structure already had the appearance of a continuous series of trees, the crowns of which were a single structural unit. As a result of the works on the introduction of the system for the formation of the "crown-row" apple-tree in the foothill zone of the Krasnodar Territory, a rational design of apple tree plantations was established on a mid-growth rootstock, which makes it possible to effectively increase in the level of intensification of fruit production by increasing in the density of plants, reducing the labor costs for trees cutting and sustainable growth of apple tree productivity.
The main objective of the conducted research the identification of the impact of fruit plantations construction on apple photosynthetic activity and productivity by using the physiological and biochemical, anatomical and morphological indices of foliages. With increasing of trees density in the garden the photosynthesis productivity decreases and the process of flower buds formation restrains. The features of the photosynthetic activity of Zarnitsa, Dean Art, Idared, Simirenkovets apple varieties on the SC3 stocks with various planting construction of intensive type is studied. The researches were conducted on the basis of fruit plantations of Institutes experimental farm with using of standard methods of research. Based on the study of the complex of physiological and biochemical parameters of plants and anatomical and morphological traits of the leaf the optimum construction of plantings of intensive type for studied apple-tree varieties are established. The construction of fruit plantations with planting scheme 4 x 1.2 with spindle forming of crown has a higher efficiency of the photosynthetic activity and productivity. Selecting of the optimal system forming in the orchard with dense placement of apple trees allows to increase the fruits yield of Simirenkovets variety on 46.8% and Dean Art variety on 67.3%.
The results of researches of influence of orchards microclimate conditions on productivity of an apple-tree varieties of various ecological and geographical origin are given. The dynamics of daily lighting in the period of active growth and development of an apple-trees on CK3 rootstock in the intensive plantings during 2011-2013 years are researched. The features of microclimatic changes in the plantings with various density of landing during the summer period of vegetation, without rainfall and at low air humidity, increased daytime temperatures and high intensity of air movement are studied. It is defined that in the denser plantings the microclimate is more stable. At the plants placement over 4000 pieces/hectare the increase of critical temperatures is slow down, the period of their impact on a plant is shorten, the accelerated falling of absolute temperatures at the second half of light day is observed.