Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The results of studying the mechanical composition of bunches and berries of a young vineyard of dark-berry technical grape varieties Vecherniy, Dmitriy and Kurchanskiy are presented. The research was carried out in a standard own-root vineyard located in the first department of the Kuban educational farm of KubSAU. Data on the average mass of a bunch and berry, as well as the mass of their constituent structural elements are given: the proportion of berries and stems in the bunch weight, the proportion of skin, seeds and pulp with juice in the berry weight, the structure index of the bunch and the berry index are calculated. It was revealed that the smallest bunch weight was obtained from the Vecherniy variety, and the largest from the Kurchanskiy variety. In both years, the smallest average berry weight was observed in the Dmitriy variety, and the largest in the Vecherniy variety. The proportion of berries from the bunch weight in the studied varieties turned out to be approximately the same and amounted to 96.1�97.7 %, which was within the normal range. In both years, the structure index had the highest values in the Kurchanskiy variety, and the lowest in the Vecherniy variety. The highest values of the berry index were observed in the Dmitriy variety, which has the smallest berries, and the lowest values in the Vecherniy variety, which has the largest berries. The proportion of skin in four out of six cases was significantly higher than the standard values. The proportion of seeds from the bunch weight between varieties ranged from 5.0-9.8 %, which exceeded the norm by 1.0-3.8 %. The proportion of pulp with juice in five out of six cases was 58.2-71.7 %, which was significantly less than the standard values (75-80 %). The share of structural indicators of berries depended not only on varietal characteristics, but also on the conditions of the year.

Annotation

Influence of treatment of grape technical variety Bianca by biologically active substances on the qualitative indicators of grape and wine materials is studied. Positive effect of preparations on safety of bud in the winter period, fructification of shoots, productivity, sugar accumulation and the qualitative characteristics of produced wine materials are established

Annotation

The aim of the research is to give a comparative agrobiological and economic assessment to some technical grapes varieties in the conditions of the Krymsk district of Krasnodar Region under the system of bushes forming of the Guyot type. On the basis of studying of the degree of embryonic inflorescence in the wintering buds, the optimal length of the fruit shooters pruning to obtain a higher grapes yield of good quality. The objects of the study were grapes bushes of 6 technical varieties of Western European origin, of which 3 varieties with white berries � Riesling, Sauvignon, Chardonnay and 3 varieties with dark berries � Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir. In this paper, the prediction of the vine harvest is presented and a comparative agrobiological and economic evaluation of these grape varieties in the foothill zone of viticulture in the South of Russia is given. Important biological indicators of the studied varieties were determined: the coefficients of fruiting, fertility and productivity of the central buds. This allowed to establish the optimal load of bushes with buds and shoots. Higher yields were recorded at the Merlot plot, where it was 6.53 t/ha. In the foothill of the Krasnodar Region, the technical varieties with dark berries have accumulated a higher amount of sugars. The content of titrated acids in a group of varieties with white berries was higher in Chardonnay � 10.4 g/dm3. In the group of dark-colored varieties, the content of organic acids did not exceed 6.6 g/dm3. The lower cost price of grapes was found in the varieties of Chardonnay and Merlot, respectively, 15.6 thousand rubles per ton and 14.9 thousand rubles per ton.

Annotation

The article presents the results of research on the effect of foliar fertilizing of the technical grape variety Rkatsiteli with the organomineral fertilizer "Renovation of the Protection brand" on the yield and its quality. The purpose of the research was to establish the optimal application rate of the drug per 1 hectare of vineyard. The research was carried out in OAO AF "Yuzhnaya" of Temryuksky district at the Chernomorets branch on a grafted, fruit-ing, stemmed vineyard, with the formation of a two-sided horizontal cordon. The scheme of the experiment included three application rates of the drug per 1 hectare of vineyard � 1, 2 and 3 kg/ha. Control variant was without processing. Foliar fertilizing was carried out three times � in the phase of isolation of inflorescences and 15 days after the second and third. The flow norm of the working fluid was 800 l/ha. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods in viticulture. It was revealed that at all application rates of the fertilizer, there was a significant increase in the mass of the bunch, an increase in the yield from the bush and the yield capacity of plantings. However, the greatest excess of indicators compared to the control occurred at the application rate of the drug 1 l/ha, where the mass of the bunch increased by 17.8 %, and the yield from the bush and yield capacity, respectively, by 22.8 and 23.0 %. The sugar content in berry juice increased by 0.9 g/100 cm3 in this variant. The influnce of the use of non�root Fertilizers on the concentrations of the main indicators of the quality of wine materials was determined � the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol, mass concentrations of volatile and titrated acids, sulfur dioxide and the reduced extract, as well as pH. An increase in the reduced extract was found in all variants of the experiment. The application of foliar dressing did not fundamentally affect the concentration of organic acids. There was an increase in the tasting score by 0.2 points in the variant with the use of "Renovation of the Protection brand " in a concentration of 2.0 g/dm3

Annotation

The article presents the results of research of the influence of the new water-soluble foliar fertilizers as Atlant Plus, Nutrivant Plus, Kelik potassium-silicon and complex of microelements (KM) - B, Mn and Zn on agrobiological and technological characteristics of the technical grapes variety of Chardonnay. Research were carried out in the AF CGC "Primorskoye" of the Temryuk District. The experimental setup consisted 5 options: no treatment (control); Atlant Plus - 2 kg / ha; Nutrivant Plus - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium-silicon - 3 kg / ha; microelements (In, Zn, Mn) - 600 g / ha. The consumption rate of the working fluid is 500 l / ha. During the growing season the foliar application was carried out in three terms: after flowering, in the growth phase of berries (berry of a pea) and in the beginning of berries ripening. It was found that foliar fertilizing of vines by all tested fertilizers has led to some increase in weight of the bunch and the significant increase in yield from the bush on 4,3-6,5%. Kelik potassium-silicon contributed to an increase in safety factor and fruiting buds, Nutrivant Plus - factor of fruiting, and Atlant Plus and KM - the coefficient of fruitfulness and the number of fruit-bearing buds at least two buds. The use of fertilizers led to a significant increase in the sugar content in the juice of berries and to some reduction in the content of titratable acids. The highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), and the amount of carotene and pigments have appeared in the versions of "Atlanta Plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon", in which the berries have the highest sugar content. Application of Nutrivant Plus and Atlant Plus helped to improve the quality of wine materials. The highest estimate was provided by foliar fertilizing of bushes by complex of micro elements (boron, manganese, zinc).