Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Now the aboriginal grape varieties become more and more popular in the world. In the Russia and abroad there is growing the interest in Krasnostops � the high-quality autochthonous red grapes varieties of technical use. Anapa Zonal Experimental Station for Viticulture and Wine-making has been engaged in the study, breeding and introduction of quality technical grapes varieties in the production for many years, as well as the creation of competitive local wines characterized by high consumer properties as Krasnostop Anapskiy and Krasnostop Azos. The article presents the materials of long-term research of agrobiological, technological and economic indicators of the technical grapes varieties of Anapa Experimental Station breeding � Krasnostop Anapskiy and Krasnostop Azos. The research is aimed at revealing possibilities to increase in adaptive and productive potential of the studied varieties for their introduction in production in order to intensify the domestic viticulture and wine-making. The results of carried out analysis show that the amount of anthocyanins and sum of phenolic substances in the Krasnostops wine materials from Anapa exceeds the data for these components in the control variants. In the years of research, the Krasnostop Azos and Krasnostop Anapskiy had good indicators of wine material organoleptic properties � 8.78 and 8.73 points. They have a large capacity of coloring, extractive and phenolic substances and the wine brands developed on their basis will replenish a number of high-quality table and liqueur red wines on the Russian market. These grapes varieties have high potential and great prospects of using them in wine-making, and it allows us to recommend these varieties for large introduction into production in the Southern wine-growing regions of Russia

Annotation

It is established by research, that at the right choice of bushes load the quality of berry juice improves and fructification of grape variety of technical direction Krasnostop AZOS stabilizes

Annotation

In the southern regions of Russia where there is an active development of travel business, especially during a summer season, the demand for table grapes increases and the consumer market increases too. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and replenish the domestic industrial assortment by high-quality grapes varieties of table direction. It is presented in this article the results of the work of plants-breeders of the Anapa's Zone Experimental Station of Vine growing and Wine-making on creating, studying and introduction to production of the table grapes varieties adapted for local natural soil and climatic conditions of cultivation, differing of high indexes of productivity and quality. The carried out research allowed to give to the studied grapes varieties of Marinka and Muscat Ranniy a total characteristic on indicators of productivity, crop capacity and economic valuable qualitative parameters. The studied grapes varieties can be realized in the further breeding and genetic research as donors of productivity and high quality of berries. Especially the taste quality- muscat aroma of these varieties is noted. As a result of a multi-year study it is found that the Marinka variety can be attributed to the promising high-yielding varieties of middle term of ripening, with the increased resistance to fungal diseases. This variety has a strong muscat flavor. Grapes variety of Anapskiy Ranniy of early term of ripening and productive is characterized by high flavoring qualities and it has citron-muscat aroma. The studied grapes varieties of the table direction of Marinka and Muscat Ranniy can be realized in further breeding and genetic research as donors of productivity and high quality that is important at removal of new muscat grapes varieties. These varieties have a great importance as a valuable medical food product with high consumer properties.

Annotation

For a number of years at the Anapa's Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and winemaking the breeding work was carried out to create the grapes varieties adapted for climatic conditions of cultivation and steady against diseases and wreckers, with high rates of productivity and quality of products. As a donor of stability to mildew and to a frost the Kriulyanskiy grapes of the Moldavian breeding was used. As a donor of quality and early ripeness the Cardinal grapes was used. The purpose of crossing of these grapes varieties were the receiving of new high-quality grapes varieties with the beautiful appearance and the increased resistance to fungal diseases and a frost, with high tastes quality and early term of ripening. As the result of the research conducted by us the 16 perspective forms were received after crossing. Morphological, agrobiological and phenological study of the selected forms was carried out using the classic methods accepted in the viticulture. As a result of the long-term hybridological analysis the hybrid forms were selected, and studied, and reproduced by vegetative way; these forms have a beautiful appearance of berries and bunches, a high crop and a high quality of production, like on the level of the European control grapes varieties. Further these forms are received the names of the following varieties: Cardinal Anapa, Lunny, Taman, Zori of Anapa and Prikubanskiy. It is indicated that the selected perspective grapes varieties of table direction can be used in the further breeding and genetic research. These grapes varieties can be the donors of such valuable qualities, as the resistance to frosts, the elegant appearance of bunches and berries, immunity to mildew, productivity and quality of production, and that is important when it is necessary to create the new grapes varieties.

Annotation

Analysis of existing grapes assortment in the Krasnodar region and its structure and tendencies of change is presented. The problem of improvement of grapes assortment in unstable environment conditions is presented. Varieties of local breeding for assortment improvement are offered