Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The results of study of Liberty apple on rootstocks M 9, SK 2, SK 3, SK 7 and M 4 grown in the garden with a low-cost technology are advanced. The features of growth and fruiting are evaluated. For production test in the gardens with high density planting schemes the SK 2 rootstock, with higher fast fruiting, yield, productivity and good fruits quality was selected.

Annotation

The fruit garden reconstruction within old territory organizations does not meet the requirements of soil protection from water erosion. The effects of water erosion of soil when the garden rows orientation along the slope are shown in the article. The aim of this work was the development of measures to remove the water erosion in the orchards on slopes and to create the optimal conditions for growth and fruiting of fruit trees in the Stavropol Region. It is established that at the straight forward trees placement on slopes the intenseve water erosion processes are developed. The low-cost complex of anti-erosion measures when reconstruction of fruit gardens within the boundaries of the old quarters is proposed. The contour system of trees planting without gradient of rows excludes the additional erosion control measures and improves the water regime of the soil in the garden, because all water spreads along the row. The contour system of trees placement can be used in the foothill areas with slopes steep up to 8-10�. The roads in the gardens with contour trees placement are under grass and they have a horizontal direction to reduce the water erosion. The cold air flows down into the valley, and it significantly increases in the frost resistance of trees. The main criterion limiting the use of this technology is the steepness of the slope, that hinder to safe operation of agricultural machinery in the contour plantings. The basic parameters of low-cost technology in the fruit gardens without support construction: the use of scab immune apple varieties and variety-rootstock combinations with good earnestly, the dense placing of trees, the space rows are under grass, the processing around trunks using herbicides etc.

Annotation

The purpose of the carried out research is development of a way of a formation of sweet cherry trees on a high growing rootstock at high density of plants landing (5,0 x 2,0m). Research are carried out under the soil climatic conditions of LLC "Interinvest", of Stavropol Region. Objects of research are the sweet cherry varieties of various ecological-geographical origin: Zemfira, General-skaya, Donetskiy Ugolyok. The results of research allowing to recommend the new system of pruning of sweet cherry trees on strongly growing rootstock are presented in this article. At this system the low-trunk skeleton of crown with vertically growing the same branches is formed. Periodic rejuvenation of these branches will promote the formation in a crown of young flexible branches (5-6 years). It allows you to carry out the harvesting of sweet cherry fruits without garden ladders and it increases in labor productivity. Use of a strongly growing rootstock stimulates the rapid growth of vertically focused branches in a crown of trees, increases in intensity of process of generative buds formation and accelerates the plants introduction in fructification that gives the chance of getting of industrial harvest of sweet cherry fruits for 2-3 year after laying of branches. It is noted that when increase in stressful influences during cultivation (a heat, a drought, hot dry winds, the frosts) the new system of formation of sweet cherry trees on a strongly growing rootstock in the gardens of intensive type increases in resistance of plants to influence of stressful factors of the environment. When forming a harvest of sweet cherry fruits on the vertical highly growing branches during the early-spring periods of vegetation the decrease in harvest loss from frosts, and also from a hail that more damages the horizontal branches of trees is reached.

Annotation

Comparative evaluation of two methods of apple clonal rootstocks growing is conducted. Modified method of apple clonal rootstocks breeding reducing twice the need in cuttings for foundation of nurse-wood and paying off all costs on its foundation in the first year is offered

Annotation

Under the favorable climatic conditions and with good agro-technology, the pear-tree produces high regular yields, a pear is a highly presentable crop and the pear varieties differ in productivity. The creation of highly productive pear orchards is impossible without the correct selection of rootstocks and varieties that, along with high taste and commercial qualities of fruits, are well adapted to the external conditions of specific regions, fast-growing and high productive with moderate tree growth and resistance to diseases and pests. This article presents the results of many years of work on breeding and variety study of pear in the Stavropol Territory. Data on the growth and fruiting characteristics of 12 pear varieties on the rootstocks of pear and quince A are presented. The influence of the rootstock tree vigor, the enter into the fruiting season, and the fruit maturation period is shown on the example of the Curie and Talgarskaya Krasavitsa pear varieties. Based on the research results, the tree planting schemes and scion-rootstock combinations for laying the gardens with a planting density of 555 and 1000 trees per hectare were identified and recommended. The promising pear varieties were identified and recommended for use in industrial cultivation in the South of Russia. Optimization of the pear assortment under the conditions of the South of Russia with new adaptive and productive varieties will make it possible to effectively realize the biological potential of pear varieties and increase in fruit production, as well as will allow you to get the fruits of high taste and commodity qualities, reduce the chemical treatments of gardens from vermins and diseases, and thus increase in the ecological safety of the environment.