Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This study aimed to assess the influence of the factors �plant organ�, �variety origin�, �berry color� and �ripening period� the content of phenolic substances in the grape plants using statistical processing methods. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenolic substances (hydroxycarboxylic acids, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, oligomeric procyanidins, stilbenes) of the main grape groups was carried out using the high effective liquid chromatography. The variability of phenolic substances content was studied according to the plan of a full four-factor experiment (a total of 36 variants in triplicate). Statistica 10 (�StatSoft�, Inc., USA) application software package was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis of variance of the content of phenolic groups substances in the grape plants showed that the influence of the factors �plant organ�, �variety origin� and �ripening period� on the indexes of these substances is reliable. The �berry color� factor affected only the concentration of hydroxycarboxylic acids when interacting with the factors of �plant organ� and �ripening period�. Interaction of different factors variants among themselves significantly affected the amount of hydroxycarboxylic acids, flavonols, stilbenes and oligomeric procyanidins. Based on forecasting profile analysis, one should expect high values of hydroxycarboxylic acids, flavonols and flavan-3-ols only in the early stages of grape berry ripening, and oligomeric procyanidins in the later dates of ripening. The maximum quantity of stilbenes should be expected in interspecific grape varieties in the early stages of berry ripening, in autochthonous varieties � in the later stages. By manipulating the affect conformity in natural lows of both individual factors and their combinations, one can predict the desired effect and achieve the optimal qualitative and quantitative ratio of various groups of phenolic compounds in the grape plants.

Annotation

Research is presented that contributes to an increase in the production of domestic grape and wine products, including in the system of organic farming. The object of research is grapes of native, classical and breeding varieties. The research was carried out on the basis of the Center for collective use of the Ampelographic collection �Magarach�, as well as in industrial plantations of the Crimea according to generally accepted and original methods. Characteristics of 50 varieties for the database, 4 sources of valuable traits were obtained, genotyping of wild grapes was performed, 99 allele variants were identified. Optimal concentrations of substances for the development of proembryogenic calluses and cells in suspension cultures were selected. The influence of biologically active substances on the development of heart shaped and torpedo shaped embryos has been established. The obtained 6 transgenic lines of the Podarok Magaracha variety were adapted to in vivo conditions to assess their cold resistance and frost resistance. In the vegetative collection of plants in vitro, samples are maintained under conditions of active and slow growth. An aseptic culture of 14 grape varieties was obtained. The molecular diagnosis of the latent form of phytopathogens of plant material after the recovery procedures was carried out. The biovar Agrobacterium tumefaciens was identified by the method of molecular diagnostics. During molecular diagnostics, the Rupestris stem pitting virus was detected in the samples. New knowledge has been gained about the dynamics of changes in the quality indicators of grapes depending on the variety and region of cultivation against the background of a complex of agro-climatic parameters and indices used to isolate terroirs. Varietal-rootstock combinations have been identified. The formation of datasets has continued in order to train neural networks for the detection of harmful organisms and pathologies of the development of grape plants. The technology of organic viticulture production for autochthonous varieties and varieties of the Magarach Institute breeding has been tested. The technology of storing table grapes based on the use of calcium-containing preparations has been optimized. For the first time, an information technology of cross-platform integration has been developed for the implemented hardware and software complex for photo-fixation and neural network detection of the number of pests in specialized �traps�.

Annotation

The article presents the results of research activities for 2023 of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach of the RAS in the field of winemaking, carried out in accordance with the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030). The methodology of wine quality management with ecostatus has been created, aimed at revealing the individual characteristics of wines caused by natural factors and reducing the risks of negative effects on humans. Promising yeast strains have been identified: Steinberg, Champanskaya G-14, ShM-30, Novocimlyanskaya 3 with a description of their taxonomic affiliation, morphological and physiological-biochemical properties. Two strains of O. oeni active acid-reducing agents are recommended for practical use. The application of technology for the production of young sparkling wines of Crimean autochthonous grape varieties: Kokur belyi, Sary Pandas, Soldaiya and Kefesiya is justified. The system of criteria indicators for assessing the quality of grapes for the production of high-quality cognac distillates and cognacs is substantiated. A working collection of 63 natural strains of lactic acid bacteria has been formed. The optimal technological factors of the process of single-stage extraction by infusing with a food water-alcohol solution of green grape shoots of the Vitis vinifera, Vitis abrusca species have been established, allowing to increase the yield of total polyphenols by at least 2.6 times for the production of functional products. The most optimal technological modes of cold treatment of dry and fortified wine materials have been established to substantiate the constructive solution of an energy-saving installation for the purpose of cold treatment of wine materials based on the study of the main factors affecting the mass transfer process of potassium bitartrate crystallization. The obtained results of research work contribute to improving the quality of domestic wine products and expanding its production, including winemaking with ecological and geographical statuses, the production of domestic cognac and grape processing products of a functional orientation. The introduction of scientific developments into production will increase the competitiveness of domestic wine products, accelerate import substitution and ensure the country's food independence.