Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This article presents the results of selection of fallopian bushes of the autochthonous Kokur Bely grape variety (100 bushes) according to 11 agrobiological features in the pre-cases of the initial group of plants (about 500 pieces) by the multi-criteria optimization method. When conducting clone breeding, the crucial points are the methods of selecting protoclons, the timing of testing and checking the stability of their properties in the offspring. The duration and complexity of clone breeding dictates the need to find new methodological approaches to increase in the efficiency and speed up the selection of grape plants. The essence of the method in relation to clone selection is to conduct a comparative assessment of the studied grape bushes by a set of agrobiological indicators, which represent a set of evaluation criterions by converting units of measurement to a dimensionless form using the normalization operation. This method was previously tested on populations of Citronny Magaracha, Gars Levelu and Saperavi grape varieties, which is reflected in the publications. The research was conducted at the production plot of the Kokur Bely grape variety (No. 361, AZOS-1 formation, 3×1.25 planting scheme) in the �Alushta� branch of the State Unitary Enterprise of the Krimean Republic �Massandra� PJSC. For further clone breeding, 100 bushes with the lowest function indicators were selected, with a range of values ranging from 3,847 to 6,277. The multi-criteria optimization method can be used for processing data collected during the study of grape variety populations and allows us to select the optimal protoclons for a complex of economic and biological characteristics, converting various units of measurement into dimensionless values. In the end, the application of this method allows you to objectively evaluate each bush, and then, when selecting and implementing clones in production, increase in the profitability of the grape-wine industry.

Annotation

The article presents the study results of uvological, agrobiological and some of biochemical indicators (the content of coloring agents and phenolic substances) of clusters and berries of the promising local wine grape variety �Dzhevat Kara�, cultivated in the eastern region of the South Coast zone of Crimea in commercial vineyard of FSUE PJSC �Massandra�, Morskoye branch. The studies were carried out during 2019-2020, year of planting � 2002, planting pattern � 3.0 x 2.0 m (2). Over the years of research we succeeded to collect the following data: clusters of �Gevat Kara� grape variety contain more than 95.0% of berries from the total cluster weight; average cluster weight is 525.6 � 58.45 g, weight of 100 berries is 210.75 � 1.53 g. The indicator of structure (21.94), berry index (60.9) and skin-to-flesh weight ratio (5.9), describing the distribution of physical elements (flesh, juice and skin) in a berry, indicate that �Dzhevat Kara� is attributed to wine grape varieties. The percentage of flesh and juice is on average 74.96%. As of September 30th , the content of sugars in berry juice consisted of 22.0-23.0 g / 100 cm3 with acidity value � 6.0-6.9 g/dm3 , coloring agents � 56.1 mg/dm3 , total phenolic substances � 696.0 mg/dm3 . The �Dzhevat Kara� grape variety is a good pollinator for �Kefesiya� variety with functionally female type of flower. It ensures the accumulation of on average 52.3 mg/dm3 of coloring agents and 416.0 mg/dm3 of phenolic substances in berries of the variety. Recommended for breeding as a source of economically valuable traits of accumulation the coloring agents and phenolic substances in berries.

Annotation

In the article presents the results of the study of quality indicators of wine grape varieties with intensively colored flesh Pamyati Golodrigi, Krasen and Nika, cultivated in the southern coastal and western foothill-coastal zones of Crimea. Studies were conducted in 2020-2021. Under different conditions of cultivation, the varieties under study show varietal specificity. Analysis of the indicator �average grape bunch weight� allows us to state that under the conditions of the southern coastal zone of Crimea, varieties Pamyati Golodrigi (control) and Krasen form a larger bunch, while the grape variety Nika has the opposite trend. Agroclimatic conditions of the western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea favor high accumulation of sugars in berries grapes all presented varieties (Pamyati Golodrigi � 24.0 g/100 cm3 , Krasen � 25.1 g/100 cm3 , Nika � 23.6 g/100 cm3 ), as well as high synthesis of phenolic compounds compared to the Southern coastal zone: Krasen variety accumulates an average of 310.3 m/100 g against 278.2 mg/100 g (Southern coastal zone), Nika � 368.85 mg/100 g against 339.7 mg/100g (Southern coastal zone), slightly superior to the control variety. Red dessert and liqueur wines were prepared from the yield of the studied varieties in 2020-2021. The tasting score of the liqueur wine material from Krasen (western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea) was 7.78 and 7.88 points, and the wine material from this variety (southern coastal zone) received 7.83 and 7.88 points. Dessert wine material from the Nika variety (western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea) scored 7.74 and 7.79, and wine material from the southern coastal zone scored 7.76 and 7.79. Samples of wine materials from the yield of the presented varieties by the totality of characteristics are promising, being at the level of the control variety Pamyati Golodrigi. The higher quality of wine materials prepared from the yield of the studied varieties, collected in the southern coastal zone of Crimea, which is probably due to the component composition of the phenolic complex

Annotation

The article presents the stage of primary selection in the initial group of visually healthy grape bushes (about 500 pcs) of wine grape variety �Bastardo Magarachskiy� with high economically valuable characteristics, bred in the Institute Magarach. The studies were carried out in the production site of �Bastardo Magarachskiy� grape variety (No. 364, bush training AZOS-1, planting scheme 3 × 1.25 m) in �Alushta� branch of AO �PAO Massandra�. Agricultural recording for 500 bushes was carried out (average values for population were calculated, productivity indicators of �Bastardo Magarachskiy� variety with the degree of their variability were determined). In order to test the hypothesis about the regularity of distribution of quantitative characteristics in 500 initial bushes, we used three-sigma method and calculation of asymmetry and kurtosis indicators. It was established that distribution of such indicators as coefficient of fruitfulness k2 (665.2), percentage of developed shoots (652.08) and coefficient of fruitfulness k1 (8629) had the greatest positive asymmetry. The biggest negative asymmetry was noted in the distribution of such indicators as yield per bush (-502.6), number of fruiting shoots (-365.4), number of inflorescences (-337.8), number of eyes (-268.5), number of developed shoots (- 259.9), average bunch weight (-222.9), number of bunches (-218.2), productivity of a shoot in terms of raw bunch weight (-207.9). The greatest kurtosis was observed in the distribution of such indicators as coefficient of fruitfulness k2 (0.7), number of inflorescences (0.59), yield per bush (0.56), number of fruiting shoots (0.54), productivity of a shoot in terms of raw bunch weight (0.31). Variability degree of 9 characteristics (coefficient of fruitfulness k1, average bunch weight, number of bunches, number of developed shoots, number of eyes, shoot productivity in terms of raw bunch weight, yield per bush, number of fruiting shoots, number of inflorescences) is characterized as high (V= 26.54 - 41.79 %) according to the calculation of variation coefficient. The obtained data indicate the heterogeneity of population of the variety �Bastardo Magarachskiy� and the possibility of selecting highly productive protoclones.

Annotation

The article presents agrobiological and uvological indicators of seedlings in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea. In terms of shoot productivity (SP) and average bunch weight, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (SP = 217-234 g/shoot, 143.4 g) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (SP = 178-190 g/shoot, 123.3 g) are distinguished. The resistance disjoining of hybrid seedling leaf apparatus to powdery mildew on a natural infectious background in the growing season of 2021-2022 was assessed. The largest proportion of resistant plants was identified in the population of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� � 54.5 %. The average resistance score for the population was 5.9. A significant number of seedlings susceptible to powdery mildew (1-3 points) were obtained in cross combinations with paternal varieties �Megrabuyr� (50 %) and �Nerkarat� (42.9 %). Seedlings with a very high degree of resistance (9 points) were not found in the studied populations. Populations characterized by a high breeding value were identified: �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� (54.5 %), �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (28.6 %). According to the true heterosis indicator, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (33.3 %) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� were distinguished, providing the effect of true heterosis of 56.7 %. Agrobiological study and analysis of the material obtained in comparison with parental forms in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� variety made it possible to identify a promising form of wine direction �Magarach No. 32-96-28-10� (�Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�).