Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The aim of the breeding work is to create a new early ripening table grape variety resistant to stress factors of biosphere. The paper presents the results of the study of new populations of hybrid grape varieties of different ripening dates obtained as a result of breeding at the Institute "Magarach". We study the populations (F1) from combinations of crossbreeding, where the mother forms are table varieties: 'Vostorg Krasny', 'Talisman', 'Flamingo', 'Flora'. The main features of maternal forms are early and medium maturity, female type of flower, large, ornate berries and frost resistance. In order to select the elite forms in the populations of seedlings of the same combination of crossbreeding, a number of observations and studies are carried out, to study the different manifestations of various traits of parental forms. The following parameters were studied: bunch and berry size, berry colour and shape, bunch weight, weight of 100 berries, weight of comb, seeds and their quantity in one berry, as well as indicators of potential productivity. In a preliminary study of grape populations obtained from crossbreeding of varieties of different origin, the following results were obtained: the selection form 'Flamingo' was identified as a source of the traits "high bunch weight" and "high berry weight"; the maximum potential productivity has the forms in the population of 'Talisman x Marquise'; a very high variability of the indicator of "100 berry weight" in the population of hybrid forms 'Talisman x Ctoletie' was noted, which indicates the presence of contrasting forms according to this sign and allows us to reliably select the best of them. As a result, the most promising forms and combinations of crosses have been identified, namely 'Flora x Ruby sidles' Magarach �34-11-7-34, Magarach � 34-11-7-52 and in the crossing combination 'Talisman x Ctoletie' Magarach � 31-11-5-47.

Annotation

In the article presents the results of the study of quality indicators of wine grape varieties with intensively colored flesh Pamyati Golodrigi, Krasen and Nika, cultivated in the southern coastal and western foothill-coastal zones of Crimea. Studies were conducted in 2020-2021. Under different conditions of cultivation, the varieties under study show varietal specificity. Analysis of the indicator �average grape bunch weight� allows us to state that under the conditions of the southern coastal zone of Crimea, varieties Pamyati Golodrigi (control) and Krasen form a larger bunch, while the grape variety Nika has the opposite trend. Agroclimatic conditions of the western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea favor high accumulation of sugars in berries grapes all presented varieties (Pamyati Golodrigi � 24.0 g/100 cm3 , Krasen � 25.1 g/100 cm3 , Nika � 23.6 g/100 cm3 ), as well as high synthesis of phenolic compounds compared to the Southern coastal zone: Krasen variety accumulates an average of 310.3 m/100 g against 278.2 mg/100 g (Southern coastal zone), Nika � 368.85 mg/100 g against 339.7 mg/100g (Southern coastal zone), slightly superior to the control variety. Red dessert and liqueur wines were prepared from the yield of the studied varieties in 2020-2021. The tasting score of the liqueur wine material from Krasen (western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea) was 7.78 and 7.88 points, and the wine material from this variety (southern coastal zone) received 7.83 and 7.88 points. Dessert wine material from the Nika variety (western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea) scored 7.74 and 7.79, and wine material from the southern coastal zone scored 7.76 and 7.79. Samples of wine materials from the yield of the presented varieties by the totality of characteristics are promising, being at the level of the control variety Pamyati Golodrigi. The higher quality of wine materials prepared from the yield of the studied varieties, collected in the southern coastal zone of Crimea, which is probably due to the component composition of the phenolic complex

Annotation

The article presents the results of studies (2021-2022) on assessing the economically valuable properties and isolation of heterotic seedlings in the population �Talisman x Marquiza�. In the work of breeding new grape varieties, much attention is paid to the variety Talisman, which is highly valued as a donor of such traits as early ripeness, large berry size, downy mildew, gray rot and frost resistance. The object of the study was seedlings in the amount of 18 pcs and initial forms, in which agrobiological records were provided in accordance with 13 traits. The studies were carried out in the breeding plot of Partenit village, South Coast of Crimea. The scheme of planting grape bushes was 3 × 1.5 m, bush training � one-shouldered Guyot in the non-irrigated plot. Heredity pattern and indicators of heterosis were determined in the population according to the following traits: �bunch weight�, �fruitfulness coefficient�, �shoot productivity in terms of the raw bunch weight�, �mass concentration of sugars�. A transitional heredity pattern of �bunch weight� trait with the effect of adverse dominance of paternal form Marquiza was established in the population �Talisman x Marquiza�. According to this trait, the seedling � 21-11-4-39 was isolated with the effect of heterosis +1.07 %. According to the trait �mass concentration of sugars�, true heterosis with the effect of +16.0 % was established in the studied family. Correspondence of the trait �fruitfulness coefficient� in initial forms and offspring was registered. Percentage content � 27.8 % of seedlings, � 21-11-4-31, � 21-11-4-37, � 21-11-4-38, � 21-11-4-49, � 21-11-4-50, heterotic according to this trait, were isolated (the effect of heterosis ranged from +22.0 % to +121.3 %). The indicator of dominance degree of shoot productivity according to the raw bunch weight trait shows a hybrid depression. Three seedlings, superior to the best form of Talisman in this indicator with the effect of heterosis from +2.96 % to +36.29 % were isolated in the population.