Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Madgar Dmitriy
Articles in journal: (total 3)
The data of study of rootstocks for large-fruited crops (plum, cherry plum, apricot) of breeding of SCFNCHVW and Stavropol breeding station are given. Their ability to root on heavy loamy soils with the use of the Fitaktiv Extra growth stimulator was studied. According to the results of monitoring the implementation of planting material, it has been established that now the combinations of plum grafted on rootstocks with a well developed root system providing strong fixation in the soil and allowing the mechanized harvesting are most in demand. In the Krasnodar Territory there are not enough soils suitable for fruit growing, therefore, the creation of rootstocks for stone fruit crops that can normally develop on wetland heavy loamy soils is very important breeding direction, that will significantly allow to increase the area of the gardens. The study carried out revealed the rootstocks that grow and develop poorly under the conditions of dense soils with high moistening and perish for several years. Therefore, it can be assumed that the plants isolated in the experiments on high rooting, good growth and development, as well as on a high score of the general state, can be evaluated as resistant to the stressors listed above. We also established that in the conditions of Goryacheclyuchevskoy district of the Krasnodar Region, the further research on the selection of optimal highly profitable scion-rootstock combinations of the stone fruit crops is necessary with the use of selected (according to the general state, the number of roots and the percentage of rooting) of the rootstocks 534 D and 935/6. The positive effect of the Fitaktiv Extra preparation on obtaining a quality planting rootstocks material for large stone fruit crops was noted.
The results of research of efficiency of new preparations influence on commodity qualities, chemical composition and storage ability of different apple varieties ripening in adverse weather conditions in the South of Russia are presented.
The creation of resistant varieties to coccomycosis (one of the most harmful diseases of cherry and sweet cherry) corresponds to the strategic directions for the development of Krasnodar Territory No. 1: a cardinal improvement in the quality and longevity of the population. In this regard, an important role is played by providing the population with the high-quality environmentally friendly products. The creation of resistant varieties Will allow you to avoid or reduce the number of chemical sprayings, to reduce the fruit production costs, and the most importantly, to help in solving the problem of obtaining environmentally safe products. As a result of many years work on the creation of genotypes resistant to coccomycosis, the forms of 3-33-34 and Yuzhanka were selected to the elite, which, due to a number of economically valuable and adaptively significant traits, differ markedly from standard varieties. So, under the conditions of the Goryachy Klyuch district, where as a result of long-term monitoring, it is noted in the population the most virulent clones overcoming the resistance of the A gene, the full yield was obtained only from the elites of Yuzhanka and 3-33-34 on the rootstocks of the NCFSCHVW breeding to 16 t / ha. They are differed on the lowest indicators: the average number of coccomycosis pustules per 1 cm2 of leaf (0.08 1.1 to 5.25 1.3), resistance index (0-1357), generative activity of the fungis (0-2629). Timiryazevskaya cherry are also selected to the elite, with the late development of coccomycosis. Its distinctive features the original taste of the fruits, high yield, up to 100 kg per tree. These elite forms also showed the complex resistance to drought, high summer temperatures and a number of diseases, which proved their suitability for resource-saving technologies of gardening.