Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

As a result of study of Coccomyces populations the endophytic microbiota is defined and stability of stone fruit forms to disease is estimated. The necessity of a comprehensive study of population structure of the pathogen in the place of expected growing is established using the definition of endophytic microbiota

Annotation

The effective methods of reproduction in vitro the remote hybrids of Cerasus �ill., that are interesting as donors and stability sources to Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins and as new forms of rootstocks for a cherry, a sweet cherry and Japanese cherry tree are presented as results of joint research NCRRIH&V and Institute for Fruit Growing (Belarus).

Annotation

The samples of the genus Prunus L. with different types of resistance to leaf spot (Cylindrosporium hiemale (Higg.)) were identified. Evaluation of 18 new cherry and sweet cherry hybrids of NCFSCHVW breeding to 50 clones of the fungu made it possible to identify the differentiation of the samples according to the effectiveness of resistance to monopustular fungal isolates. High efficiency of resistance (100 % avirulent clones) was shown by 13 samples: AI-1, 3-108, 3-106-107, 3-111, 4r34m, 10 / 15-3, 3-20, 3-61, 3- 39, 3-107, 7-9, AI-5 from B-D-2 (4r2 m), 3-76. Others forms have an efficiency of resistance from 87.3 to 98.5 %, which indicates the need to evaluate immune forms for the effectiveness of resistance in order to control the accumulation of virulence on resistant samples to recommend their use in breeding and genetics. As studies show, horizontal (race-specific) resistance is the most long-term, and finding the parameters that determine it is one of the important directions in the selection of economically valuable plant genotypes. The assessment of genotypes based to leaf spot in terms of the average number of pustules per 1 cm2 of the leaf, resistance index, generative activity of the fungu, showed a difference in the plant lesion and spore formation. Of the 77 studied forms, 6 varieties and forms of sweet cherry and cherry and 5 hybrids were isolated according to the studied indicators. Among them are the varieties of Bigarro Oratovsky, Kosmicheskaya, Cherry 3-33-34, Yuzhanka, hybrids of BI 43-1, 6/4 K, 6/8 K, BI 43 I, etc. The obtained data are important both in breeding for obtaining new forms with a stable long-term non-infectability of diseases, and for isolating the forms of cherries and sweet cherries for use in organic farming technologies.

Annotation

The creation of resistant varieties to coccomycosis (one of the most harmful diseases of cherry and sweet cherry) corresponds to the strategic directions for the development of Krasnodar Territory No. 1: a cardinal improvement in the quality and longevity of the population. In this regard, an important role is played by providing the population with the high-quality environmentally friendly products. The creation of resistant varieties Will allow you to avoid or reduce the number of chemical sprayings, to reduce the fruit production costs, and the most importantly, to help in solving the problem of obtaining environmentally safe products. As a result of many years work on the creation of genotypes resistant to coccomycosis, the forms of 3-33-34 and Yuzhanka were selected to the elite, which, due to a number of economically valuable and adaptively significant traits, differ markedly from standard varieties. So, under the conditions of the Goryachy Klyuch district, where as a result of long-term monitoring, it is noted in the population the most virulent clones overcoming the resistance of the A gene, the full yield was obtained only from the elites of Yuzhanka and 3-33-34 on the rootstocks of the NCFSCHVW breeding � to 16 t / ha. They are differed on the lowest indicators: the average number of coccomycosis pustules per 1 cm2 of leaf (0.08 � 1.1 to 5.25 � 1.3), resistance index (0-1357), generative activity of the fungis (0-2629). Timiryazevskaya cherry are also selected to the elite, with the late development of coccomycosis. Its distinctive features � the original taste of the fruits, high yield, up to 100 kg per tree. These elite forms also showed the complex resistance to drought, high summer temperatures and a number of diseases, which proved their suitability for resource-saving technologies of gardening.