Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

According to the technological requirements for table grapes the transportability of variety is an important quality criterion. It is not always possible to characterize the transportability of table grapes varieties by the transportability coefficient, so the task of our research was to develop a method for objective evaluation of transportability of table grapes varieties and to determine the percentage of influence of cultural practices on transportability�s indexes. Based on a study of indirect transportability�s indexes of table grapes varieties and the results of conducted discriminant analysis, the regression equations describing evaluation of a concrete grapes variety for three levels of transportability were proposed. These equations allow to evaluate the impact of different cultural practices on the percentage of transportability�s properties of a variety in its relation to different groups of transportability. With the purpose of testing the proposed method, the evaluation of impact of foliar feeding (as a cultural practice) on transportability of table grapes varieties was given. The analysis of data showed that, in most cases, the foliar feeding had a significant impact on indirect transportability indexes of studied varieties. The obtained regression equations were also tested with the purpose to evaluate the transportability of new table grapes varieties.

Annotation

The purpose of our research was the study of influence of plants processings by preparation of "Mival-Agro" and "Albit TPS" on quality indicators and natural loss of bunch mass of table grapes varieties in the dynamics of post harvest storage. The objects of research were the table grapes varieties of Moldova and Muscat Hamburgskiy. The features of development of grapes plants under the influence of the examined preparation were studied using the standard methods of viticulture research. Impact assessment of foliar fertilizing with "Albit" and "Mival-Agro" preparations on organoleptic characteristics of table grapes and the value of the natural losses of a bunch mass during storage period is given in this article. It has been established as a result of carried out research that the use of growth stimulators of "Albit TPS" and "Mival-Agro" significantly improves the quality of Moldova and Muscat Hamburgskiy grapes varieties. It was shown that the value of the natural losses of a bunch mass of processing table grapes by testing preparations decreases in the process of 90 days storage. At the final stage of storage (after 150 days) under the studied systems of grapes treatments the difference in the values of natural losses was significant only for Muscat Hamburg variety. It is noted that the use of this experimental system of treatments improved the organoleptic properties of both studied grapes varieties. Thus, under treatments with "Mival Agro" the organoleptic qualities of Moldova variety rose up to 8.7 points, Muscat Hamburg variety - up to 8.2 points. Under treatments with "Albit TPS" the organoleptic qualities of Moldova variety rose up to 8.4 points. In addition to the above it is shown that these indicators were preserved over the long-term grapes storage under using of studied preparation.

Annotation

This work is aimed at solving the actual problem of increasing in the fruit plants productivity. The research presents the results of studies of top dressing efficiency by �Lignohumate� fertilizer for fruit crops under the conditions of the Crimea Republic, the impact the yield and the quality of the fruit products is assessed. The analysis of the influence of seasonal conditions and the usage of fertilizers the main indicators of the studied fruit crops was done. The experimental research was carried out during 2018-2020 on apple-tree of Spartan variety (JSC Artvin, Bakhchisarai district), on peach-tree of Red Haven and sweet cherry of �igarrean Burlat (Agropolis farm, Kirovsky District). It is established that the use of �Lignohumate� foliar fertilizing increased in average length of annual shoots in the studied crops from 14.7 % (peach) to 16.5 % (apple). Mathematical analysis of the results showed that the share of seasonal influence the annual shoots growth rate varies in the interval 8,7 % (sweet cherry) � 55,0 % (peach), at � < 0,05. Top dressing of plants increased in chlorophyll concentration in apple and peach leaves by 14,0 and 13,2 %, respectively; mass concentration of sugar in apples by 6,1 %, and in peach by 7,5 %; in sweet cherry by 16,1 %; solid substance content in the fruits � by 0,9 % (peach) 1,7 % (apple). Also it is shown that the use of �Lignohumate� top dressing of plants increased in the content of mineral elements in the studied crops, relative to a control group, and the yield on average 16,3-20,6 %.

Annotation

The development of fruit growing and viticulture under modern conditions is aimed at a comprehensive solution of the main task � the obtaining the highest possible yield of high quality fruits from a unit of area while reducing their cost. The use of physiologically active substances in fruit-growing and viticulture, namely the proper and balanced mineral nutrition, can contribute to the successful solution of this problem. Mineral nutrition plays an important role in the growth and development of agricultural plants. It is known that the bulk of fertilizers have a selectivity of their action on various species, varieties, various tissues and organs of the plant organism. As a result of their action, significant changes occur in biomass, winter hardiness and productivity of fruit crops and grapes. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of foliar nutrition with TM �Glycerol� preparations the yield and quality of grapes and apple-tree. The methods and techniques generally accepted in viticulture and horticulture were applied in this research. It was evaluated the mineral nutrition system on the basis of TM �Glycerol� as a foliar top dressing for fruit crops and grapes (optimal rates and terms of fertilizer application) and the influence of this system the productivity and quality of Moldova table grape variety for example and Spartan apple variety for example. Study carried out have shown that the use of foliar fertilizers TM "Glycerol" contributed to the reduction of the productive period of studied grapes and apple-tree for 4-5 days, due to the acceleration of the ripening process, as well as an increase in fruitage: for Moldova grapes by 20,1 %, for Spartan apple � 25 %.