Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This work is aimed at solving the actual problem of increasing in the fruit plants productivity. The research presents the results of studies of top dressing efficiency by �Lignohumate� fertilizer for fruit crops under the conditions of the Crimea Republic, the impact the yield and the quality of the fruit products is assessed. The analysis of the influence of seasonal conditions and the usage of fertilizers the main indicators of the studied fruit crops was done. The experimental research was carried out during 2018-2020 on apple-tree of Spartan variety (JSC Artvin, Bakhchisarai district), on peach-tree of Red Haven and sweet cherry of �igarrean Burlat (Agropolis farm, Kirovsky District). It is established that the use of �Lignohumate� foliar fertilizing increased in average length of annual shoots in the studied crops from 14.7 % (peach) to 16.5 % (apple). Mathematical analysis of the results showed that the share of seasonal influence the annual shoots growth rate varies in the interval 8,7 % (sweet cherry) � 55,0 % (peach), at � < 0,05. Top dressing of plants increased in chlorophyll concentration in apple and peach leaves by 14,0 and 13,2 %, respectively; mass concentration of sugar in apples by 6,1 %, and in peach by 7,5 %; in sweet cherry by 16,1 %; solid substance content in the fruits � by 0,9 % (peach) 1,7 % (apple). Also it is shown that the use of �Lignohumate� top dressing of plants increased in the content of mineral elements in the studied crops, relative to a control group, and the yield on average 16,3-20,6 %.

Annotation

The development of fruit growing and viticulture under modern conditions is aimed at a comprehensive solution of the main task � the obtaining the highest possible yield of high quality fruits from a unit of area while reducing their cost. The use of physiologically active substances in fruit-growing and viticulture, namely the proper and balanced mineral nutrition, can contribute to the successful solution of this problem. Mineral nutrition plays an important role in the growth and development of agricultural plants. It is known that the bulk of fertilizers have a selectivity of their action on various species, varieties, various tissues and organs of the plant organism. As a result of their action, significant changes occur in biomass, winter hardiness and productivity of fruit crops and grapes. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of foliar nutrition with TM �Glycerol� preparations the yield and quality of grapes and apple-tree. The methods and techniques generally accepted in viticulture and horticulture were applied in this research. It was evaluated the mineral nutrition system on the basis of TM �Glycerol� as a foliar top dressing for fruit crops and grapes (optimal rates and terms of fertilizer application) and the influence of this system the productivity and quality of Moldova table grape variety for example and Spartan apple variety for example. Study carried out have shown that the use of foliar fertilizers TM "Glycerol" contributed to the reduction of the productive period of studied grapes and apple-tree for 4-5 days, due to the acceleration of the ripening process, as well as an increase in fruitage: for Moldova grapes by 20,1 %, for Spartan apple � 25 %.