Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Yakovenko Valentina
Articles in journal: (total 17)
The results of estimation of 77 strawberry hybrid families on the signs of productivity, large-fruited, remontant and resistance to spotting are presented in the article. Varieties donors and perspective combinations of crossing on discounted characteristics are identified
Many varieties of strawberry imported into Krasnodar region doesnt conform to the modern requirements to varieties, therefore the timely assessment of varieties on the major economic and valuable traits is necessary for their further production. It is the purpose of our work. 11 introduced varieties of strawberry on indicators of productivity and large-fruited were studied, the assessment of density of berries is carried out for 9 varieties. For carrying out of research the standard programs and techniques of Russia were used. The qualitative characteristic of berries including average weight, form, appearance, tastes quality was estimated. It is established that the average mass of strawberrys berries of the introduced varieties in the Krasnodar region doesnt reach to European standards (25 g). Florence, Molling Pandora and Irma varieties are the most large-fruited. The average mass of berries varied from 16,8 to 17,3 g. Alba and Florence varieties have the most berries dense of strawberry. High attractiveness of berries appearance is noted at Alba, Roxana and Florence varieties. Roxana, Florence. Onda and Irma varieties were the best by the results of general tasting assessment of berries. Florence is the only strawberrys variety which on all studied traits was included into group with the highest rates of indicators.
The selection of genetic donors and sources of economically-valuable traits gives an opportunity to pick up the valuable varieties to engage them in further breeding process. In the hybridization of garden strawberry you must enable the parental forms with a high level of productivity, product quality of berries and flowers decorative properties. Currently the breeding research in the study of genetic control of pink colour trait of strawberry flower are using the genotypic diversity within species Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Our research object is the first generation F1 seedlings received as result of hybridization of Belrubi × F1 C-141. The programs and existing methods of breeding of fruit, berry and nut crops are used in this work. For the statistic processing of the material the biometric methods are used. In 2014, the first phase of work is to analyze the strawberry seedlings of the first generation F1. The received hybrid seedlings were divided into three phenotypic classes: white, pink and pale pink in the ratio 8: 8:13. The appearance of the first generation of hybrid seedlings with different colour of the flower shows that the parental strawberry forms have geterzigotic status of alleles on this trait. Proceeding from the results of our study, the combination in one seedling genotype of two dominant alleles A1 and A2 defines the pink flower colour; the combination of dominant alleles A1 and A3 and A2 and A3 defines the pale pink colour. Analysis of the received first strawberry generation of seedlings showed the variability of the flower color from pale pink to pink. The intensity of the pink flower color depends on the number and combination of dominant alleles in one genotype.
The aim of the research is to assess the collection material of strawberry for use in breeding and in industrial production. The results of evaluation of varieties from strawberry collection on complex of properties are presented in the article. Collection of strawberry consists of 139 accessions of different ecological and geographical origin. The generally accepted in Russian Federation techniques as well as the Programme of the North Caucasian Centre for breeding fruit, berry, flower-decorative crops and grapes for the period up to 2030 are used in the work. The research have shown that 23 strawberry samples from the collection are the early ripening, 106 varieties medium term and 10 varieties are late ripening. On the type of fruiting the varieties are divided into two groups: fruiting once (99 varieties) and neutral-day (40 varieties). From 40 neutral-day varieties, 33 varieties with white flowers and 7 varieties with rose flowers. The collection is stored 39 donors of economically valuable signs. To carry out a breeding program for strawberry in the process of hybridization was included 22 varieties from the collection. As a donor, showed the highest genetic quality, was the Marmolada. In the period 2015-2016, the collection was filled with 4 varieties: Aliani, Malling Opal, Vivaldi, Evis Delight. The distribution of the varieties for agronomic characteristics (yield, large-fruited, density of berries) is presented. The varieties with high fruitage, large fruit size and high density of berries are selected. On the complex of the best indicators of the studied signs the commercial perspective have the new varieties of collection Tahira, Kemya, Vima Tarda, Galia. It is noted the necessity of introduction and studying of new strawberry cultivars for the improvement of the zonal assortment
The inheritance of the neutral day type of fruiting in garden strawberry varieties was studied by genetic analysis of the crosses results between short day and neutral day varieties. In the spring-autumn period, in each hybrid combination, an individual registration of seedlings was carried out for the reveal the splitting according to the studied trait into neutral day forms and single fruiting short day plants. The aim of this work is to determine the type of the genes interaction that determine the neutral day fruiting of strawberry in a number of hybrid combinations. For research, the programs and methods generally accepted in Russia were used. With considering of the frequency of splitting in hybrid f amilies, genetic analysis of the inheritance