Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Yakovenko Valentina
Articles in journal: (total 17)
For successful breeding work on the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) to improve fruit quality is particular importance to know the genetic features of signs variability of parental varieties studied and their hy-brid prosperity. The traditional criterion for the quantitative evaluation of the varieties genetic potential is the heritability coefficient in a wide H2 and narrow h2 mention. The purpose of our research is to assess the contributions of additive and non-additive genetic interactions to identify the promising parental forms and hybrid strawberry combinations on the signs of fruit quality. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of strawberry 8 varieties and 18 hybrid numbers on the signs of fruit quality, including the average fruit weight, firmness of fruit and sugar content for the selection of promising forms taking into account the studied characteristics. The program and the methodic generally accepted in Russia was using in the work. Research have shown that for the studied strawberry varieties in the most hybrid selections with their participation in implementation of traits as an average fruit weight, fruit firmness and sugar content (Brix %) predominates the non-additive effects of genetic interactions, which show the effectiveness of selection in some cross combinations. A significant additive effect of genes determined the possibility of donor potential, is noted on the average fruit weight n the Florence variety, and on the sugar content in the Onda, Nelli and Marmolada varieties. The modifying influence of the ecological conditions of growing environment on the fruit firmness of strawberry is clearly expressed in hybrid selections with the participation of the Onda and Molling Pandora varieties, and on the sugar content with the participation of Belrubi variety.
In the North Caucasus Region the currant red was not widespread in the industry. One of the reasons is lack of varieties with high productivity and commodity quality of berries. The article presents the results of two-year evaluation of 20 red currant's varieties from collection of North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture that have the different ecological and geographical nature. The traits that characterize the commercial quality of berries are researched. It is researched the bunch length, the number of berries per bunch and the average weight of berries. The purpose of research is to identify the red currant varieties, having the high commodity properties of berries cultivated under conditions of Krasnodar Region. The well known in the Russian Federation method of study of fruits, berries and walnut cultures is used in the article. Conducted studies have shown that Detvan, Tatran, Podarok Leta, Dar Orla, Ogonyok varieties have the long bunch (10,1-12,0 cm). The largest number of berries per bunch have Podarok Leta, Ogonyok varieties (more than 20 berries). Large size of berries (0,66-0,85 g) have Detvan, Tatran, Asya, Gollandskaya Rozovaya. Conducted clustering on discounted biometrical traits allows to combine the studied varieties of red current's in the groups with the highest and lowest values of traits. As a result the conclusion is made that the good prospects to industrial and amateur gardening of Krasnodar Region have red currat's varieties of Tatran, Detvan, Asya, Podarok Leta, Ogonyok, Dar Orla. These varieties most closely corresponded to requirements of the market commodity quality of currant red berries.
Results of an estimation of 20 hybrid fami-lies of strawberry on number of berries per bush and average weight of berries are pre-sented in work. Perspective combinations of crossing and perfect forms to the considered signs are revealed.
The paper presents the results of the prospects evaluation for the use of two strawberry varieties as Florence and Belrubi in selection on the fruit size. For breeding in this direction it is necessary to know the features of the inheritance by the given trait and the individual qualities of the studied varieties. The standard parameter for evaluation of the genetic potential of agricultural crop is the coefficient of heritability in broad and narrow meaning, which allows to know the donor potential of the studied forms, based on the additive effect of genetic interactions. The purpose of our research is an evaluation of the donor potential by the average fruit weight of the Florence and Belrubi varieties. In this work we used the programs and methods generally accepted in Russia, as well as the Program of the North Caucasian Center for Breeding of Fruit, Berry, Decorative Flower Crops and Grapes for the Period until 2030. Studies have shown that a distinct additive genetic effect and concomitant donor potential is revealed by the average fruit weight for the Florence variety, which showed in five hybrid selections with its participation the coefficient of heritability in the narrow meaning h2 from 0,73 to 0,84. For the Belrubi variety in the nine hybrid selections with its participation, five selections showed values of the heritability coefficient from 0,04 to 0,46, which indicates the predominance of the non-additive effect of genetic interactions in these vegetative hybrid populations and the benefit of breeding on fruit size in individual cross combinations with the participation of Belrubi. The potential realization possibility of the Belrubi variety in four from nine hybrid selections with its participation of the additive genes effect on the average fruit weight is allow to identify this variety as a genetic source.
The results of evaluation of 21 selective hybrid forms of strawberry on a number of economic and biological traits are presented in the article. Three forms of strawberry are allocated in the elite