Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Ampelographic collection perform major fundamental and priority applied functions in the accumulation and preservation of the gene pool of grapes. Lately there is a tendency to the revival of indigenous varieties. Aboriginal, ancient grape varieties in the different regions of cultivation, and the wild forms are the most valuable part of the world gene pool of culture. The aim of our work was to identify the valuable genotypes of native varieties with improved adaptive, business and wine properties for winemaking of high quality. This article presents the results of agrobiological and technological study of six white aboriginal Don grapes varieties. The research was carried out in 2008-2014 at the ampelographic collection of ARRIV&W (Novocherkassk, Russia). The quality of the white table wines are especially influenced by such factors as environmental conditions, the varietal characteristics of a grapes, the technology of cultivation and processing of grapes. An important result of our research is the qualitative estimation of wine materials made from studied varieties. The varieties Mahrovatchik and Kumshatskiy Beliy had the high yield. Very high sugar content was observed in the variety Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy, high in the varieties - Shampanchic-2, Durman, Kumshatskiy Beliy. The highest tasting score got the wine from the variety Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy - 8.9 points. Varieties Mahrovatchik and Kumshatskiy Beliy stand out for complex of agronomic traits. They are recommended for industrial grapes under the nature plantations in conditions the Lower Don area. In breeding as sources of valuable technological and economical-biological features, it is recommended to use - Mahrovatchik, Kumshatskiy Beliy and Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy grapes varieties.

Annotation

The grapevine for thousands years have been growing on the vast territory of the earth under different environmental conditions. The favorable climatic condition is the main factor for the successful cultivation of grapes. The native cultivars from different regions of cultivation is the most valuable part of world gene pool of the crop. The purpose of our work is to select the valuable genotypes of the autochthonous varieties with improved adaptive, economic and technological properties for high-quality wine-making (including not enough spreading and rare native varieties). The object of the research is indigenous Don variety of Makhrovatchik and control variety of Rkatsiteli. The research were conducted in 2008-2015 in an ampelographic collection of the All-Russian Research Ya.I. Potapenko Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk). The study was carried out using the modern and classic techniques. Having compared the agrobiological indicators, we note that the Makhrovatchik grapes by most indexes surpass the control variety of Rkatsiteli. Variety of Makhrovatchic has the higher percentages of buds break, coefficient of fruiting, average weight of bunches, productivity and yield capacity. Under the conditions of the micro winemaking the yield of the wort amounted to more than 65%. The wine has a pale straw color, the bright aroma with notes of wild herbs and flowers, the light honey tone, the taste substantial, rounded with long aftertaste. Wine tasting score is 8,6 points, that is the same level that control Rkatsiteli. Analysis of the results of long-term research has shown that Makhrovatchik grapes stands out by complex of agronomic characteristics with improved adaptive and technological properties for high-quality wine-making. Taking into account the facts above, we recommend the variety of Makhrovatchik for assortmen's expansion of production plantations under the conditions of the Lower Don Region.

Annotation

The purpose of this research, to characterize the red technical grape variety of complex interspecific cross Maréchal Foch, French selection in the process of variety research and evaluation of agrobiological, uvological, economically valuable traits and properties. Variety`s studies were carried out in 2017-2019 at the experimental vineyard of the experimental field of All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya.I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking. The results of the wine assessment are given for two years of research � 2018 and 2019. Vineyards are non-irrigated, non-covering, grafted, Kober 5BB rootstock, 3 x 0.5 m planting scheme, two-shouldered cordon forming. The Maréchal Foch grape variety, in terms of the combination of positive parameters (disease resistance, high winter hardiness, frost resistance, high sugar accumulation ability, quality of wine-material) is of great interest for industrial viticulture in a non-covering grafted culture with a minimal amount treatments for diseases. This variety can also recommend for use in further breeding as a origin of the required qualities. According to preliminary studies, the wines from this grape variety should not be kept for a long time, since they reach the optimal quality in the first year of life. One of the positive wine aspects is the rapid (during the year) formation of full bodied aromatic properties and taste characteristics (ripening and lightening). It reduces to a minimum the amount of gluing materials, and in most cases it is enough to limit oneself only to filtration, which allows us to achieve wine readiness for implementation in shorter periods. It is likely that the wines from Maréchal Foch grapes will be relevant and in demand as the red natural local standard wine of �every day�.