Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The data confirming to the considerable warming of climate which is observed last decade are presented in the article. In summer months in the Central Chernozem region of Russia a large amount of rainfall drops out, and the long period there is a drought. One of ways of fight against this phenomenon in gardening is the selection of drought-resistant varieties and rootstocks of fruit crops. Drought resistance is the dynamic property and it is closely connected with a cycle of development of plants and conditions of environment. It is necessary for fruit crops, including an apple-tree, to adapt to droughty conditions of cultivation. It is known that the resistance of plants to adverse external factors is defined by a condition of intracellular water and a ratio of free and connected water in the tissues. The fractional composition and a ratio of fractions of water give an idea about intensity of water balance, water-retaining ability which is protective reaction of a plant organism under the conditions of manifestation of stressful factors. In the submitted article the analysis of weather conditions of the spring and summer period in the Oryol Region is given. The water content in the tissues and fractional composition of water in the leaves of an apple-tree varieties of summer ripening period of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of fruit crops breeding as Orlinka, Yablochny Spas and a variety of autumn ripening period of Pamyat Isayeva � on dwarfish inserted rootstocks of 3-17-38, 62-396 and on a vegetative rootstock 62-396 is studied. In the course of research the dynamic reduction of water content in the leaves of all studied apple-tree scion-rootstocks combinations in the adverse climatic conditions of the summer period of 2014-2015 is revealed, and it speaks about their high drought resistance.