Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The studies were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted and developed at the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW programs and methods of breeding and variety study. The objects of research are apple varieties and forms (Malus x domestica Borkh.) of different ploidy and genetic origin. According to the data of long-term studies (2015-2021) cytological analysis of 54 apple genotypes of various ploidy and genetic origin was found that diploids have the highest rates of pollen viability (X av. = 70 %; X max = 98 %; X min = 32 %), low indicators of pollen quality in triploids (X av. = 28 %; X max = 16 %; X min = 8 %), and tetraploid initial forms fall in between. According to the obtained pollen quality assessment data, the best indicators were found in apple varieties: Vasilisa, Zolotoe Letnee, Carmen, Piros, Rassvet, Talida, Talisman, Ariva, Liberty, Sirius, Orfey, Fuji, Topaz, Granatovoe, Fortuna, Prestig, Renet Simirenko, Eliza, Kameo, 29-5-49, 12 / 2-20-34 and others; krebs: Imperial Pavla, Ketney, Piotosh, Gertruda, John Downie and others (55-98 %). The most promising varieties have been identified (taking into account the timing and duration of the flowering period, the degree of pollen viability): Gertruda, John Downie, Ketney, Lubimoe Dutovoi, Zheltozelene, Nikita, Imperial Pavla, Victoria, Risling Krasnyy, Virginia, Feya, Floorking, etc. as pollinators for varieties most common in industrial horticulture, as well as valuable paternal forms when hybridizing in various breeding programs.