Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of this work was the search, mobilization and preservation of genetic apple-tree resources for studying and use of biodiversity of forms of cultural plants in a breeding process and production. The objects of research were the genotypes of an apple-tree of different ploidy and a genetic origin. In the process of scientific-research work the breeding programs and techniques including the techniques developed with participation of research associates of the Center of breeding of the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticultural and Viticulture were used. The preservation and replenishment of genetic collection by new varieties and perfect forms of an apple-tree were the result of carried our research. The valuable genotypes of an apple-tree of different ploidy are selected: there are the sources of signs of fast bearing and dwarf vigor and high adaptation to a drought. The selected genotypes combine the immunity to a scab with high field resistance to mildew, as well as with the late term of blossoming that allow plants to avoid the damages by spring frosts. In the process of research work we have selected 2 new donors of immunity to a scab (12/1-21-25 and 12/2-21-65), and also the valuable sources of the main agrobiological signs of an apple-tree. The elite form 12/2-20-39 is selected as a source of fruit big size taking into accounts the long-term observations. The elite forms and new apple varieties with Vf genome are rather perspective for active use in a breeding when consecutive backcrossing process with highly productive varieties, possessing the high commercial characteristics of fruits, but susceptible to a scab, for receiving of high-quality, adaptive, immune to a scab apple-tree genotypes of new generation