Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This article presents the materials of research and analysis of world experience in the field of healing of planting material of fruit and berry crops. The object of our research was the works of a number of domestic and foreign authors developing methods of plants health-improvement from a viral infection. The method of analysis and generalization of literary data for the last 10 years is used. In the presented review, the problems of the rehabilitation of agricultural plants from a viral infection are considered, the requirements for planting materials of the "basic"category are listed, the analysis of modern methods for the improvement of fruit and berry crops and the prospects for their use in a scientific process and production is given. As can be seen from the review of literature in this article, the scientists in this field of research did not have a common opinion on the need to use certain types of therapy in the process of revitalizing plants of fruit and berry crops. It is universally recognized that for each new variety, it is necessary to work out all the criteria and parameters of health improvement. In our opinion, the most promising is the use of dry air thermotherapy in a combination with the method of apical meristems in connection with a high percentage of recovered of the original plants and the possibility to lay the nursery with planting material of the "basic" category.

Annotation

Clonall micro reproduction is widely used in the breeding of fruit and berry crops for reproduction of a small number of genotypes and for a fast receiving a large amount of virus-free material. The object of research is the strawberry apexes from 1 to 3 mm in size and the meristems (0,3 mm) of Klery, Asia, Alba and Marmolada varieties. The influence of some factors of strawberry cultivation at a stage of explants introduction in vitro is revealed in the article. As a result of the carried out research it is established that input in vitro of apexes of 3 mm in size, with the subsequent exarticulation from them of meristems of 0,3 mm in size, increases of explants survival (meristems of 0,3 mm) more than twice (from 25% to 59% on average). It is shown that the efficiency of clonal strawberry micro reproduction is increased on the nutrient mediums containing a complex 6-BAS with IAA in the ratio 1:0,1. This medium provides the high coefficient of reproduction together with high quality of regenerated micro shoots. It is also established that the structure of medium with complex of 6-BAS and detiobiotine causes more intensive growth of shoots and activates of chlorophyll synthesis. The darkening of explants for 8 days at the 1 st passage leads to increase in coefficient of reproduction of Asia strawberry explants from 22,6 to 64,3 at the medium containing 6-BAS without IAA and to increase in coefficient of reproduction from 9,4 to 16,0 of Alba strawberry. In addition in the medium of 0,1 mg/l of IAA the coefficient of reproduction increases from 33,2 to 40,0 at Asia strawberry and from 12,6 to 16,4 at Alba strawberry.