Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This work presents the data on study results of two irrigation algorithms for Cabernet�Sauvignon grape variety in production conditions of the Livadia branch of FSUE PJSC Massandra in the South Coast of Crimea in 2019-2020. Experimental physiological algorithm provided for two water stresses to be carried out. The first short-term water stress was during the period of berry growth, t he second one � during the stage of berry ripening. The depth of water stress during the stage of berry growth in predawn values of water potentials in leaves was determined in the range of 0.5�0.55 MPa. The depth of water stress during the stage of berry ripening was in the range of �0.45��0.5 MPa. Crop load of plants in experimental version was determined as higher than normal � by 20 % compared to the optimal one. The control variant was a stress-free irrigation strategy against the background of optimal crop load. Basic tool to control water status of plants was a pressure chamber for measuring water potentials of leaves. Growing seasons of 2019-2020 were characterized by a significant rise of average monthly air temperatures compared to average long-term values and low annual precipitation amount: 357.0 and 410.6 mm, respectively. Such weather conditions have led to high evapotranspiration flow rate in grape plants. And yet, in the third decade of June, the plants of experimental variant experienced extreme water stress (�0.5��0.55 MPa). Ripening of grapes in stress variant of irrigation also took place with a moisture deficit. Average values of leave water potentials in predawn hours were �0.45-0.50 MPa. As a result of the research, it was found that stressful irrigation strategy against the background of an increased crop load, compared with a stress-free one and an optimal crop load, allowed an increase in the mass concentration of sugars by 1.5 g /cm3 , in the content of total phenolic substances by 28.3 % and coloring agents by 33.3 %.

Annotation

The grapes is a relatively drought-resistant plant, but in the very dry years it gives low yields of low sugar content and high content of acids in the berries juice, the vine is ripening poorly, the plants are mostly damaged by frost. Obtaining the high and stable yields of high quality, the increasing in the life of the vineyards is impossible without the use of irrigation. Against the background of global warming and a shortage of fresh water, there is a need for research in optimizing the water regime of orchards. Therefore, the study of the effect the irrigation on grape plants, the development of rational methods for irrigating vineyards, and regulating their water regime to obtain the high and high-quality yields is an urgent task. The purpose of these studies was to substantiate the use of drip irrigation in the vineyards of the Crimea. The study was carried out for more than 30 years on the experimental base of the Institute �Magarach� under the conditions of vegetative and lysimetric experiments and in the industrial vineyards of the Crimea. The vegetative, lysimetric, agrobiological, analytical and statistical research methods were used. The impact of weather and irrigation regimes and methods on grape plant condition and vine harvest parameters in conditions of Crimea was analyzed. Data analysis on annual precipitation showed that almost every second year is arid on the South coast of Crimea. Temperature data analysis showed an increase in the average monthly air temperatures as compared to multi-year average. Study demonstrated that drip irrigation helps to increase in productivity of grapes by 1,5-3 times and to improve the harvest quality. Drip irrigation helps to save from 20 to 80 % of water as compared to other irrigation methods.