Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Growth processes reflect the dynamics of the leaf surface growth of the grape plant. They depend on the temperature and water conditions, as well as the variety specifics. The processes of growth of shoots and leaf plates of Riesling Rhenish grapes under the influence of different plantation scheme and the load of bushes with shoots are studied. It was found that the growth rate of grape shoots with an increase in the load from 40,000 to 70,000 shoots per hectare decreases and does not significantly differ with different scheme of plantation. The length of shoots is maximum for any plantation scheme with a load of 40,000 shoots per hectare and decreases when it increases. In 2019, there was a tendency to increase in the leaf surface area per hectare with increasing the load. With a landing scheme of 3.0 x 2.0 m and a load of 70,000 shoots/ha the leaf surface area per hectare was 1.2 times higher than that with a load of 40,000 shoots/ha, with a landing scheme of 3.0 x 1.5 m � by 2.2 times, and with a landing scheme of 3.0 x 1.0 � by 1.6 times. The productivity indicators of the leaf surface are calculated: the amount of crop per 1 m2 of leaf area; the area of leaves per 1 kg of crop and per 1 bunch. The trends of their changes depending on the load of bushes with shoots and the scheme of bushes planting are established. The studies have shown that under the conditions of the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture with increased insolation and insufficient moisture supply, the most active growth processes and increased biological stability of Riesling Rhenish grape plants were observed in plantations with a planting scheme of 3.0 x 2.0 and 3.0 x 1.5 m with a bushes load of 40 and 50 thousand shoots per hectare

Annotation

In the article the terms and duration of the phases of vegetation of new table grape varieties in the weather conditions of the moderate continental climate of the Krasnodar region were established. The objects of the study were Vitis L. grape varieties: Agat Dubovskiy, Akello, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Ispolin, Kishmish Dubovskiy, Pestryi, Timoti, Livia (control). Rootstock is SO4. According to the method of Lazarevsky M.A., the beginning of budbreak, flowering, veraison and technological maturity of grape berries were noted. The relationship of weather conditions with the duration of vegetation phases was determined by the correlation coefficient. According to the international classification, groups of varieties have been identified according to their maturation dates: very early � Livia, early � Akello, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi, medium-early � Gamlet, Timoti, medium � Kishmish Dubovskiy, medium-late � Ispolin and Agat Dubovskiy. The coefficients of paired correlation of weather conditions and the duration of vegetation periods, which are significant according to the Student's criterion, have been established. The most significant is the dependence of the duration of vegetation periods on the sum of air temperatures above + 10 ºC � the greater the sum of temperatures, the longer the phase, except for the duration of vegetation of very early and early varieties (r = -0.68 � the average inverse relationship). An increase in the amount of precipitation in the phase of the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and during the growing season also contributes to the lengthening of periods (r = 0.68 ... 0.99). In the budbreak - flowering phase, on the contrary, accelerates (r = -0.82 ... -0.84). The maximum air temperature has a different effect depending on the phase: with an increase in temperature in the beginningof veraison-technological maturity phase, its duration increases (r = 0.43... 0.60), the length of the budbreak-flowering phase and, in general, the growing season decreases with an increase in maximum temperature (r = 0.83 ... 0.87). An increase in the average air temperature (r = 0.46... 0.91) and the minimum (r = 0.67... 0.95) reduces the duration of the budbreak-flowering phases, the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and the growing season.