Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The prospects of soil metagenomics using to determine the soil quality of garden cenoses are discussed in this article. Soil quality, along with its fertility, is considered as the most important characteristic of any soil ecosystem, especially under intensification anthropogenic influence. The development of metagenomic studies of soil microorganisms is due to the fact that they are the basis for studying the ecosystems, especially for agricultural purposes. The emergence of new analysis tools contributes to the study of the structural and functional organization of soil microbial biocenoses. An important feature of metagenomic research is that there is no need for isolation and cultivation of microorganisms. This will make it possible to carry out a more complete analysis of the structure of the soil microbial community, to identify the features of the structure of the rhizosphere microflora depending on the duration of growing the perennial plants in a monoculture, and to identify new bioindicators of soil fatigue. The necessary approaches for a complete structural and functional assessment of the soil microbiome are presented, and the goals and objectives of metagenomic analysis are outlined in the article. It is shown that the study of metagenomic analysis of soils makes it possible to move to a new system level of research on the biodiversity of soil ecosystems. This transition leads to a paradigm shift and opens the way to understan the processes that occur in the soils under intensive agricultural use. The available developments in the field of soil metagenome indicate the possibility of using this information as an integral indicator of soil quality in the garden agrocenoses and their functioning, as well as the prospects for use the research results to further improving the methods of biologization and ecologization of agricultural production and fruit growing in particular.

Annotation

The results of studies of biometric indicators and features of the development of the root system of various graft-rootstock combinations of the Stenley plum variety in the foothill zone of the Krasnodar region on overwetting floodplain soils are presented. It was revealed that the main parameters of alluvial-meadow heavy loamy soils leading to a decrease in productivity and inhibition of plum plants are the presence of layers with heavy granulometric composition in the soil profile, which are characterized by very low filtration capacity. These conditions contribute to the prolonged stagnation of excess moisture in the root layer of the soil, which leads to a decrease in productivity, inhibition and premature death of plants. Also, the established low level of soil fertility of the experimental site leads to a decrease in the productivity of plum plants. Under these conditions, the inhibition of plum trees manifests itself to varying degrees, depending on the rootstock. Plum plants on the rootstock of PK SK-2 were found to be the most resistant to periodic prolonged overwetting of soil root layer. The greatest increases of the vegetative part were noted on these trees, in leveled areas and a lower percentage of plant death in areas with less satisfactory water-air regime of soils (depressions, swales). The stability of trees on this rootstock is due to the peculiarity of the placement of potentially active roots in the soil. Studies have shown that the plum on the PK SK-2 rootstock has the main part (more than 60 %) of potentially active roots concentrated in a layer of 0-40 cm. On the AP-1 rootstock, potentially active roots are evenly distributed between the soil layers of 0-40 cm and 40-80 cm, and after heavy precipitation, when the soil is saturated with moisture below the level of 40 cm, more than half of the potentially active roots are in unfavorable conditions.