Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The influence of layout schemes on the peculiarities of the production process of apple plants of the varieties Renet Simirenko, Golden Delicious Rangers, Kubanskoe bagryanoe, Gala and Fuji grafted on a dwarf rootstock M9 was studied. The experiments were carried out in 2016-2019 in high-density plantations of apple trees planted in 2016 with application of intensive cultivation technology under the conditions of the Kuban educational farm �Kuban� in the Kuban horticultural zone. Three layout schemes were studied in the experiment: 4,0 × 1,5 m (control), 4,0 × 1,0 m, 4,0 × 0,5 m. Start of the period of marketable fruiting of apple plantations was noted in the third year after the garden was laid. It was found that when the plantings were compacted, the formation of generative buds was activated. The greatest number of useful ovaries in apple plants of all studied varieties was formed with the control layout scheme 4.0 × 1.5 m, which affected the productivity of plants - the highest yield (kg/tree). The difference with the experimental variants was 11,2�51,2 % (with a layout scheme of 4,0 × 0,5 m); up to 13,4 % (with a layout scheme of 4,0 × 1,0 m). However, under conditions of maximum compaction (4,0 × 0,5 m), the yield of plants (t/ha) was higher by 27,2-140,0 % in comparison with the control variant of the experiment. With the layout scheme of 4,0 × 1,0 m, the difference with the control was 25,0-85,0 %. It was noted that the compaction of plantations did not have a significant effect on the commercial quality of fruits � the average weight of fruits (150-246 g) did not decrease or decreased slightly relative to the control; also, no influence of the planting schemes on the sugar content in the fruits of apple plants was noted.