Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Cabbage vegetables are distinguished by a number of features of the course of physiological and biochemical processes due to high humidity, which increases the intensity of metabolism in cells and tissues. This fact makes it difficult to organize the storage of such primary produce: the quality is rapidly decreasing, losses are increasing, the value of which is influenced by such parameters as relative air humidity, temperature, degree of aeration, variety, degree of maturity of primary produce, presence of mechanical and other damage, phytopathogens contamination. In this regard, it is relevant to study the regularities of the effect of processing plant primary produce (white cabbage) with biological preparations based on domestically produced reagents on reducing losses, stabilizing quality and preserving biologically active substances. In experiments in vitro it was found that in relation to the phytopathogen Ps. maculicola, the biological product Vitaplan did not give the effect of suppressing growth, and the biological product Bactofit caused a slight delay in the growth of the phytopathogen: 0.5-1 mm. The effectiveness of the bactericidal action of natamycin on Rh. solani and Ps. maculicola is more than 3 times higher at a concentration of 0.1 g/l. The bactericidal effect of the product with a concentration of 0.5 g/l is more than 2 times more effective than a concentration of 0.1 g/l on exposure to S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. In an in vivo study, the development of Bacillus subtilis was not observed in samples with introduced biological products. In samples with introduced phytopathogens S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea, Ps. maculicola, after 21 days of storage, the affected area increased threefold. With the joint introduction of phytopathogens and biological products, both Vitaplan and Baktofit had a restraining effect on the development of all three phytopathogens. No development of phytopathogens was observed during inoculation of white cabbage heads with phytopathogens followed by the introduction of two different concentrations of natamycin (0.05% and 0.1%).

Annotation

When developing new biotechnological solutions for the agro-industrial complex, one of the key problems is the preservation of the viability of microorganisms � producers of biologically active substances. Drying is the main method for stabilizing microorganisms. During the drying process, cells are exposed to damaging stress factors that reduce their viability. Projective environments protect cells from stressors. Microorganisms belonging to unstable species, when dried without the use of protective media, are subject to significant changes, accompanied not only by the loss of viability, but also by the destruction of their cellular structure. In this regard, in the course of the study, the optimal drying mode was selected, which provides for intensive moisture removal at the very beginning of drying and warming up to a temperature not higher than + 32-35 ºC throughout the entire drying time. It should be noted that the entire drying process should take no more than 30 minutes, since when drying microorganisms by the second mode with a drying duration of 37 minutes, the number of dead cells was slightly higher than with drying by the first mode. Also, during the study, a protective environment was selected, consisting of 1 % gelatin, 5 % sodium glutamate and 5 % sucrose, which showed the best results as protection of the cells of the consortium under study from the damaging drying factor and subsequent rehydration. Also, when using this protective environment, the moisture content of the consortium under study was the lowest among the selected drying options.