Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Plum fruits are valued for their high content of nutrients, harmonious taste and processing properties. The purpose of the research is to carry out a comparative assessment of the biochemical composition of domestic plum fruits to identify the assortment with high taste qualities when cultivated in the Voronezh region. Samples for studying the qualitative characteristics of six varieties of domestic plum were obtained in a pomological garden located on the territory of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education �Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I� in 2018-2020. The Voronezhskaya Kompotnaya and Pamyat Timiryazeva varieties have been identified as varieties with the maximum mass of fruits, pulp and a small stone. The highest sugar content and the optimal sugar-to-acid ratio were noted in the varieties Utro (control), Voronezhskaya kompotnaya, Pamyat Timiryazeva, Universalnaya, Bolkhovchanka. The maximum dry matter content was determined in the Universalnaya and Vengerka Voronezhskaya varieties, in terms of the content of ascorbic acid, the indicators in the Bolkhovchanka (5.8 mg/100g) and Voronezhskaya kompotnaya (3.1 mg/100g) varieties were higher. The highest calcium content was noted in the fruits of the Vengerka Voronezhskaya (0.07 %) and Universalnaya (0.09 %) varieties, and the lowest in the control variety Utro (0.01 %) and Pamyat Timiryazeva (0.02 %), Voronezhskaya kompotnaya (0.03 %) varieties. The potassium content of the studied varieties was in the range of 0.1 ... 0.2 %. The phosphorus content, depending on the variety, varied slightly and ranged from 0.01-0.03 %, nitrogen � from 0.09 % to 0.1 %.

Annotation

The article presents the results of assessing the biological potential of sweet cherry varieties in the garden grafted on seed and clone rootstocks. Biometric records were carried out: indicators of the diameter of the stem, crown and height of trees, fruit ripening dates, their weight and market condition. The biochemical composition of sweet cherry fruits has been studied. The objects of research were sweet cherry varieties of different maturation periods of the Voronezh State Agrarian University and scientific institutions of the Russian Federation breeding; seed and clone rootstocks. For an objective assessment of variety-rootstock combinations of sweet cherry, studies were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods when working with fruit crops and methodological guidelines for the determination of chemicals for assessing the quality of the yield of vegetable and fruit crops. The purpose of the study was the selection of winter-hardy, high-yielding varieties of sweet cherry grafted on low-growing clonal rootstocks to create small-sized intensive plantings and introduce them into industrial gardening in the Central Chernozem region. From the analysis of the obtained results of the study, the selective features of variety-rootstock combinations of sweet cherry are noted, manifested in the features of the growth force and fruiting. High-yielding varieties were established, the qualitative indicators of fruits and their biochemical composition were determined, with the allocation of highly fortified varieties for breeding work. Variety-rootstock combinations for planting gardens of intensive type have been identified. The best variety-rootstock combinations of sweet cherry have been propagated and introduced into the industrial gardening of a specialized enterprise ZAO �Ostrogorzhsksadpitomnik� of the Ostrogorzhsky district of the Voronezh region