Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Economy of fruit growing and viticulture
In the article the characteristics of industrial horticulture of Russian Federation is gives. The analysis of the volume of consumption of fruits and berries products and ensuring of consumer demand due to different sources are conducted. The necessity and methods of import substitution of fruits and berries products are justified. Emerging trends of own resources deficit of agricultural commodity producers for the renovation of agricultural plantings are identified, and it is a deterrent to the development and updates the need to increase in public support and differentiation of forms of state regulation. The deficit of financial resources for the implementation of program assignments based on import substitution is identified. The necessity of development of domestic nursery, including for import substitution is justified. The directions to reduce the deficit of resources, reduce the initial costs for creating of agricenosis, through the use of alternative trellis free technologies of industrial are proposed apple-tree cultivation, they provide a differentiated use of wide spectrum of domestic stocks, which offer the several advantages relatively to the most common types of rootstocks-introductions. The comparative economic characteristics of trellis free technologies of industrial apple-tree cultivation in comparison with the previous analogs is gives. The expediency of application of biosystems of plantings protection as direction of resource capacity reducing of process in the industrial horticulture and ensuring of agrical ecosystems is justified. It is established, that the additional annual volume of financial resources for the implementation of program tasks of branch development based on import substitution (increase of planting to 16 thousands of hectares annually) will be an average 8.1 billions rubles, which is 1,9 times less than the costs of imports of fruit products and planting materials. The effects from the development of industrial horticulture with the need to import substitution are calculative justified: the increase of value added is annually by 4,3 billions rubles, the value of tax revenue per year to 256 million rubles average, the creating more than 2000 of new workplaces.
Studies of the economy of viticulture of the Rostov region were carried out as part of a program of research work on the creation of grape varieties with improved economic and valuable features and improving methods for assessing the economic efficiency of new grape varieties. Analysis of the dynamics of vineyard areas made it possible to establish that in 2000-2020 they decreased by 27.6% and vineyards occupy 4.2 thousand hectares, of which 76.2 % of the vineyard area in fruiting age. 56.3 % of the total area of fruiting vineyards, is occupied by classical European varieties 8.9 % autochthonous, 34.8 % varieties of Russian and foreign scientific centers of viticulture breeding, including ARRIV&W named after Y.I. Potapenko breeding 18.74%. The data of the study of sales of planting material indicate that in 2018-2020, the share of varieties of ARRIV&W a branch of FGBNU FRANZ breeding in the total sales of grafting seedlings was 5.19 %, root seedlings of the 1st grade 83.91 %, root seedlings of the 2nd grade 70.77 %. It was caused by the state of the viticulture economy, the orientation of regional wineries to autochthonous grape varieties in the production of wines, the financial situation of enterprises and farms, wine producers. The data of forecast calculations indicate a high probability of reducing the area of vineyards in the Rostov region by 2025 compared to 2021 by 1.7-4.74 %, in 2028 by 2.9-8.6 %. To preserve the vineyard area at the level of 4200-4300 hectares, it is necessary to annually lay new vineyards on an area of 122-169 hectares. This will require 291.4-455.9 thousand grape seedlings. It is also necessary to increase the budget financing of the industry to 86.7-89.0 million rubles per year.