Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Breeding and production of planting material
One of means of an intensification of production of fruit crops and grapes landing material is induction of growth correction effects by bioeffective preparations the growth regulators of plants. The objects of study of influence of bioeffective preparations on the plants growth processes were the shanks of table grapes varieties of Victoria and Kishmish Luchisty and also the apple-tree dwarf rootstock of Arm 18 and a semi-dwarf rootstock of MM106. As regulators of plants growth the preparations AES-17, KN-2, DEB-41 in a dose of 50 mg/l were tested. This is the regulators of new generation synthesized at the Institute of Chemical Sciences named A.B. Bekturov (Kazakhstan). As a result of the carried out research the high efficiency of application of all testing in the experiences stimulators of root formation on studied grapes varieties is established. The greatest efficiency was shown by the AES-17 and KN-2 preparations. The positive influence of physiologically active agents on formation of roots with diameter more than 2 mm is observed at both grapes varieties in all options of experience with use of plants growth regulators. The greatest number of these roots are observed in case of use of the KN-2 preparation. The use of plants growth regulators also promoted the increase in quantity of an apple-tree standard saplings in comparison with control. The quantity of saplings on the plots with processing of plants growth regulators is increased by 10,6-11,5% in relation to control. The carried-out economic analysis showed the high efficiency of new biologically active growth regulators. The use of growth regulators in the nursery positively influences on the economic indicators. Net income on the revealed in the experience options was 428 350-819 000 tenges/hectare.
The improvement of ways of the accelerated gooseberry reproduction is one of important problems of modern nursery planting. For increase of nursery production tne regulators of growth and organic-mineral fertilizers are used, they influence on the intensity and direction of processes of plants activity and reveal the genotype opportunities. Therefore is the selection of the most effective regulators of growth and the organic-mineral fertilizers with a wide, spectrum of activity affecting the efficiency of a gooseberry production and the quality of horizontal layers is an actual research problem. The field and genetic-statistical methods are used in the woork. There were 5 of a gooseberry varieties in a study. It is researched the nfluence of growth regulators of Zircon and Ribav-extra and the complex fertilizer of Nutrivant plus and organic-mineral fertilizer of Aminokat on efficiency of gooseberry reproduction in the by means of horizontal layers. The four options of preparation introduction of various concentrations are included in the scheme of experience. The data of the carried-out three-factorial dispersive analysis accurately proved the influence of the studied preparations on the quantity and total length of plants roots. The powerful contribution to variability of "conditions of year and a genotype of variety" on a shoot growth is noted. The considerable influence of "year and a genotype of variety" on diameter of plants trunks is revealed. The statistical analysis revealed a considerable specific responsiveness of gooseberry genotypes to the preparations used in the experience. It is proved that the preparation of Ribav Extra is the most effective for Yubileyny gooseberry, for Chernoslivovy and Rodnik gooseberry is Zircon, for Krasnoslavyansky gooseberry is Nutrivant plus + Aminokat. It is shown that the studied preparations did not have a statistically significant impact on a Malakhit gooseberry.
Development of highly effective and economic methods of accelerated grapes reproduction is necessary for production of landing material of the highest categories of quality through in vitro culture. The purpose of research is the development of highly effective methods of adaptation and the ways of accelerated reproduction of the sanitated grapes saplings. For study of sanitated grapes plants from test-tube 3 experiences were put. Data of the research received in the first experience showed the advantage of grapes plants from test-tube cultivation for in vivo adaptation in the glasses with a volume of 450 ml. In the second experience it is established that survival and development of plants in the cubes of "Agros" proceeded more intensely, than in the peat pots. In the third experience it is shown that the early term of landing is more preferable as it allows you to receive more shoots for rooting. Thus there is an opportunity to receive the well developed plants to the time of optimal term of landing to a constant place. It is established that landing term considerably affected the number of the received green cutting and shoots ripening. The quantity of one-bud cutting of Levadiysky Black grapes of the first term of landing is 15-20 from one bush, and their quantity from plants of the second term of landing is 7-9. As a result of research the advantage of cultivation of grapes plants from test-tube in "Agros" substratum is revealed. The main methods of test-tube grapes cultivation in the "Agros" cubes are offered. The results of experience demonstrate the possibility of successful use for cultivation of grapes saplings, along with the stationary greenhouses, the more simplified constructions.
The article presents the general trends of rhizogenesis of some cherry varieties of sour in vitro. The experiments were carried out from 2012 till 2015 in a biotechnological laboratory at the Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station. The plant material of five cherry varieties ('Igrushka', 'Lyubskaya', 'Turgenevka', 'Shakhrazada' and 'Lava') was obtained from the department of genetic resources of breeding and varieties research at the Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station. The plant material was put under the aseptic conditions in a previously selected agarized nutritious medium and after it was placed in a growing room with artificial lighting for further experiments on their development, reproduction and rootage. The experiments resulted in selection of out two modifications of nutritious medium on the basis of Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) for a successful elongation of microshoots of the cherry varieties under study. The five studied varieties of cherry formed the well-developed shoots of 2-2.5 cm in height in vitro on these growth media. For the rootage of cherry microshoots in vitro a modified agarized growth medium (UV3) based on the salts of M-S (1962) was chosen. The experiments showed that the most active process of rhizogenesis as well as a high percentage of rootage is characteristic of 'Igrushka' and 'Lyubskaya' varieties. We assessed the development of the root system using such parameters as the number of rootlets per plant and their length. 'Lyubskaya' and 'Igrushka' cherries turned out to possess the best average parameters of the variety. At these varieties the number of rootlets was 5 cm and 4.6 cm on average and their length was 6.8 cm and 6 cm respectively.
For modern clonal micro propagation the great interest is represented by low-toxic, environmentally friendly, budgetary growth regulators of new generation, in particular the derivatives of organic acids received when processing waste of agricultural production. These preparations pass the broad tests in agrarian production, but in vitro culture their test wasn't carried out. This work is performed for the purpose of study of plantlets' growth reactions and definition of an optimum ratio and concentration of new and traditional growth factors at a stage of regeneration and multiplication of plum micro shoots. As object of research the plum of Stanley variety is served. As a result of the conducted research it is revealed that on nutrient mediums where as a growth factor amber acid 4 mg/l was used, the reproduction coefficient for a passage (3,5) is the same, as well as on the medium with standard stimulators - BAP 0,2 mg/l and GA 1,2 mg/l, a little smaller coefficient of reproduction (3,3) - on the medium with potassium succinate. Use of amber acid, potassium succinate and sodium succinate in concentration 4 mg/l considerably reduces the level of micro shoots' chlorosis (by 53,9, 48 and 31,5% respectively), improves their general state (on 1,3; 1,2 and 0,9 points on a five-point scale respectively). The using of amber acid and a sodium succinate 4 mg/l significantly increases the quantity of the formed leaves on microshoots, on 4,1 - 4,4 pieces, in comparison with the standard (BAP 0,2 mg/l and GA 1,2).