Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Harvesting and processing of white Chardonnay grapes and red grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon grown in the Southern climate condition of the four districts of the Krasnodar territory are done. The agrotechnical data collected from experimental plots (name of farm, square of plot, age of the vineyard, weight of the grape samples). The results of determination of physical-chemical parameters of the examined grape musts and wine products indicate the technological and physiological maturity of grapes. Harvested grapes for study were healthy, with the necessary amount of sugars and acids for the production of high quality dry table wines. The most important value to determine the taste and nutritional qualities of grapes and their suitability for technical processing are sugar and organic acids. The sugar content in the must from Chardonnay grapes ranged from 18,1 to 23.7 g/100 cm3 , from grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon � from 18.8 to 25.2 g/100 cm3. Mass concentration of titratable acids in the experimental wine materials was in the range required by the standard. Almost of all dry wine materials had a high alcohol content � from 11.1 to 14.9 % vol., due to high sugar accumulation in the berries. High values of the given extract (more than 16 g/dm3 for white wines and more than 18 g/dm3 for red wines) were in the whole of wine materials. The high-quality raw materials f or the production of table wines were made using the classic technology, which was confirmed by high organoleptic assessment of wines. The obtained results can be used as the basis for the development of a modern system of quality assessment of wine production in the Russian Federation, as well as assessment of the geographic origin and the season of wine-making.

Annotation

This article presents the results of studies of wines obtained from Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown in the Krasnodar Region in 2012-2016, in the territory of the �Semigorye� geographical object (Novorossiysk). The peculiarities of the mineral composition of wines, in particular inorganic cations (ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium), in the wines produced by the wine company � Imenie �Sikory� LLC, are revealed, depending on the grape variety and crop year. Joint correlation dependencies are established. Inorganic cations were determined by the method developed in the Scientific Center �Wine-making� FSBSI NCFSCHWV. It is established a higher mass concentration of potassium in Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc wines, compared with Riesling, indicating a higher photosynthesis productivity and intensive vegetation of grape plants of these varieties. The minimum, maximum and average mass concentrations of inorganic cations reveal the the peculiarities of the �Imenie �Sikory� LLC, caused by the natural conditions characteristic of the Semigorye geographical object. The results of the analysis show the correlation between the content of elements K-Na, K-Mg, Na-Mg. The correlation between elemental content and grape variety is significant for K, Na and Mg. The total concentrations of inorganic cations ranged from 354 to 1387.6 mg / dm3 and from 905 to 1682.9 in white and red wines, respectively. The results of this scientific work can be the basis for the development of a modern system for assessing the quality and authenticity of wine products in the Russian Federation, as well as be used for regional identification of wines of various origins.

Annotation

The results of research to identify of influence of technological methods, such as infusion of wort on pulp, on amino acid composition of wine made from Muscat variety Viorica are presented. It is established that infusion of wort on pulp don�t contribute to increase of mass concentration of amino acids in experienced wine materials compared to controlling that positively impact on its quality

Annotation

The results of studies on the change in the content of phenolcarboxylic acids and quercetin flavonol depending on the technology for the production of dry red wines from Cabernet Sauvignon, Satsimler, Dostoynyi grape varieties grown in the Krasnodar region (Anapa zone) are considered. The methods of production of the studied wines differed in the technique of maceration of the pulp (infusion on the pulp, heat treatment of the pulp) and the introduction of various types of antioxidant agents (sulfur dioxide, preparation Tannin SR Terroir, ascorbic acid, Glutarom). It was found that the greatest accumulation of phenolcarboxylic acids of the benzoic and hydroxycinnamic series, quercetin flavonol was recorded in wine materials from the Dostoynyi grape variety. It is shown that the increase in different degrees of the content of phenolcarboxylic acids of the benzoic and hydroxycinnamic series of wine materials from the studied grape varieties was influenced by the additional introduction of Tannin SR Terroir at the stage of pulp preparation. The content of salicylic and benzoic acids was found in the range of 2.3-6.8 mg/dm3 and 2.3-6.0 mg/dm3 , respectively, in wine materials from Satsimler grape variety. The presence of these components, which have a strong preservative and antiseptic effect, can help protect wine materials from the development of microorganisms. It was established that for wine materials from grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon (scheme No. 1), Satsimler (scheme No. 2), Dostoynyi (scheme No. 1, No. 2), the introduction of a complex of antioxidants (sulfur dioxide, ascorbic acid, Glutar) contributed to an increase in the mass concentration of phenolcarboxylic acids and quercetin. We assume that the different content of phenolcarboxylic acids and quercetin, depending on the method of production and the introduction of antioxidant agents in wine materials in the studied red wines, can be due to both varietal characteristics and the production scheme.

Annotation

The appearance of wine products with a protected geographical indication (PGI) and with a protected appellation of origin (PAO) gave rise to an urgent issue in the study of the characteristic indicators of the quality of wines depending on the region where the grapes grow. Establishing patterns of changes in various quality indicators of wines with PGI, PAO (color characteristics, cationic-anionic composition, organoleptic descriptor analysis, etc.) in terms of climatic conditions for growing grapes and geographical origin is relevant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color characteristics of dry white wines with a protected geographical indication. High-quality white wines with Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) produced in the territory of the geographical zones �Kuban. Taman Peninsula� and �Kuban. Krymsk� by the enterprises of OFO �APF �Fanagoria�, OOO �Kuban-Vino�, OOO �Golubitskoe Estate�, AF �Sauk-Dere�, OOO �Lefkadia�. The studies were carried out using laboratory methods of analysis. Intensity (I), shade (N), yellowness (G) were calculated for the instrumental evaluation of the color of the studied white wines, and the CIE Lab color space was also used. The conducted studies have demonstrated differences in the instrumental assessment of color for all indicators of dry white wines with a protected geographical indication, depending on the zone �Kuban. Taman Peninsula� and �Kuban. Krymsk�. Differences in the values of such indicators as the intensity, tint and yellowness of the color within each group of samples, divided by geographical zones, were also observed depending on the content of the total amount of phenols. The use of the CIE Lab color space for assessing the color of wines demonstrated differences in the numerical values of the trichromatic coordinates L*, a*, b*, as well as in color expression.