Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Kovalenko Natalia
Articles in journal: (total 4)
The paper presents a review of the literature on sterilizing agents used in biotechnology. The features of their impact these agents on the object of study and the negative impact on the researcher's body are considered. The effect of chlorine-containing preparations such as Belizna, NAZ-TABS, Deo Chlor in various concentrations of aqueous solutions and various times of exposure of sweet cherries and cherries to the eradication of saprophytic microflora of the seed when introduced into an in vitro culture was studied. According to the results of the experiments, the number of infected embryos was recorded, and the percentage of viable sweet cherry and cherry embryos was also determined. In this case, burned from the effects of chemicals, "glassy" and darkened nuclei were taken into account. It was found that treating the seeds of Prunus cerasus L. varieties only with chlorine-containing preparations in low concentrations is ineffective. An increase in the concentration of chlorine-containing drugs leads to partial damage of the kornels, which affects the seedlings output. Significant efficiency of sequential sterilization of sweet cherry and cherry seeds was shown when introduced into the culture in vitro with preparations with different chemical bases. The optimal sterilization time and active substances for exposure to seeds of studied sweet cherries and cherries were revealed. This is an aqueous solution of Deo Chlor (10 and 8 minutes, respectively) with the additional use of hydrogen peroxide (3%) for 2-3 minutes. Such a phased sterilization method determined the yield of viable embryos for further in vitro cultivation at the level of 75-77,5 % in cherries and 82,5 % in sweet cherries.
Classification of the Far Eastern cherries on complex characteristics of fruit chemical composition is given, with use of mathematical and statistical methods. Four groups of samples Far Eastern cherries for use in crossing in the breeding of winter-hardy varieties resistant to fungal diseases are identified according to the results of cluster analysis
In order to put into production the high-quality, high-variety planting material of fruit crop rootstocks in demanding quantity, it is necessary to quickly propagate the high-tech, proven clonal rootstocks to create their mother nursery plantations. The number of promising technologies capable to ensure the competitiveness of stone crops production include the reproduction using biotechnological methods. The work for reproduction in vitro of some rootstocks obtained by distant hybridization in the Department of fruit crops was carried out in 2012-2017 in the laboratory of biotechnology and biochemistry of the Crimean Experimental Selection Station of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. This article presents a brief description of vegetative propagated rootstocks of hybrid origin for varieties of cherry plum, apricot, peach and plum, as well as for varieties of sweet cherry and cherry. Consideration is given to the creation of plant cuttings mother nursery based on their accelerated clonal micropropagation in vitro. The physical conditions have been optimized for the explants cultivation at the main stages of reproduction of the studied rootstocks for stone fruit crops in vitro. As a result of the research, the most acceptable nutrient media were determined based on the nutrient agarized media Murashige and Skoog (1962) and Woody Plant Media for each reproduction stage. It is shown that, depending on the genetic origin of the rootstock, the survival rate of explants when introduced into culture on the above modified media was, on average, not lower than 60 %: it was the highest in the rootstocks of VSL 2 and Kuban 86 (up to 90 %), and it was low (≈ 40 %) in VSV 1 and VVA 1 rootstocks. We were concluded that there is a real opportunity when stone fruit crops cultivating to use the rootstocks from plant cuttings mother nursery laid by planting material grown by the microclonal propagation method.
Perspective cherry (Cerasus Mill.) forms and varieties are allocated for planting greenery in the south of Russia. The basic decorative and economic-biological signs for estimation of varieties and forms of decorative cherry are revealed. The short characteristic and variants of varieties and forms use in the landscape building is given