Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The paper presents a review of the literature on sterilizing agents used in biotechnology. The features of their impact these agents on the object of study and the negative impact on the researcher's body are considered. The effect of chlorine-containing preparations such as Belizna, NAZ-TABS, Deo Chlor in various concentrations of aqueous solutions and various times of exposure of sweet cherries and cherries to the eradication of saprophytic microflora of the seed when introduced into an in vitro culture was studied. According to the results of the experiments, the number of infected embryos was recorded, and the percentage of viable sweet cherry and cherry embryos was also determined. In this case, burned from the effects of chemicals, "glassy" and darkened nuclei were taken into account. It was found that treating the seeds of Prunus cerasus L. varieties only with chlorine-containing preparations in low concentrations is ineffective. An increase in the concentration of chlorine-containing drugs leads to partial damage of the kornels, which affects the seedlings output. Significant efficiency of sequential sterilization of sweet cherry and cherry seeds was shown when introduced into the culture in vitro with preparations with different chemical bases. The optimal sterilization time and active substances for exposure to seeds of studied sweet cherries and cherries were revealed. This is an aqueous solution of Deo Chlor (10 and 8 minutes, respectively) with the additional use of hydrogen peroxide (3%) for 2-3 minutes. Such a phased sterilization method determined the yield of viable embryos for further in vitro cultivation at the level of 75-77,5 % in cherries and 82,5 % in sweet cherries.

Annotation

The article presents the general trends of rhizogenesis of some cherry varieties of sour in vitro. The experiments were carried out from 2012 till 2015 in a biotechnological laboratory at the Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station. The plant material of five cherry varieties ('Igrushka', 'Lyubskaya', 'Turgenevka', 'Shakhrazada' and 'Lava') was obtained from the department of genetic resources of breeding and varieties research at the Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station. The plant material was put under the aseptic conditions in a previously selected agarized nutritious medium and after it was placed in a growing room with artificial lighting for further experiments on their development, reproduction and rootage. The experiments resulted in selection of out two modifications of nutritious medium on the basis of Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) for a successful elongation of microshoots of the cherry varieties under study. The five studied varieties of cherry formed the well-developed shoots of 2-2.5 cm in height in vitro on these growth media. For the rootage of cherry microshoots in vitro a modified agarized growth medium (UV3) based on the salts of M-S (1962) was chosen. The experiments showed that the most active process of rhizogenesis as well as a high percentage of rootage is characteristic of 'Igrushka' and 'Lyubskaya' varieties. We assessed the development of the root system using such parameters as the number of rootlets per plant and their length. 'Lyubskaya' and 'Igrushka' cherries turned out to possess the best average parameters of the variety. At these varieties the number of rootlets was 5 cm and 4.6 cm on average and their length was 6.8 cm and 6 cm respectively.