Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The search for reliable methods for assessing the resistance of grape varieties to heat and drought is relevant in connection with the increasing climate instability in the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The purpose of the work is to conduct electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel in the leaves of various grape varieties, to identify varieties with increased resistance to heat and drought. The objects of research are grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin: Kristall (control) � Euro-Amur-American origin; Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS � Euro-American origin; Vostorg � Amur-American origin; Zarif � Eastern origin; Aligote � Western European origin. It was established that the qualitative and quantitative composition of peroxidase isoforms changed during the summer and had a varietal feature. In June, 4-6 isoforms were isolated for each particular variety, in August � 2-4 isoforms. The Kristall variety stood out for its especially high resistance to heat and drought during the summer, both in the field and under the influence of artificial high-temperature and water stresses. This was achieved due to the multiple isoform composition of peroxidases and the constancy of their composition in response to stress. Varieties Dostoynyi, Vostorg, are highlighted as highly resistant to heat throughout the summer. The heat resistance of varieties Krasnostop, Aligote, Zarif changed during the summer period. In relation to drought, the varieties Kristall, Dostoynyi, Vostorg showed high resistance in early and mid-summer. According to the appearance and disappearance of peroxidase isoforms, the drought resistance of varieties Dostoynyi, Vostorg, Krasnostop AZOS changed during the summer. Aligote and Zarif varieties during the summer period stood out as not drought-resistant. The obtained data can be used as diagnostic criteria for assessing the degree of heat and drought resistance of grape varieties in different months of the summer period in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region for breeding purposes.