Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of this research is detection of the scientifically based and complex characteristic of the major genetic parameters correlated with expressivity of additive and dominant genes and their interaction with environment on different signs and crossing combinations of seed and seedless grapes varieties. The analysis of additive and dominant genes and their interaction with environment was carried out. The technique of genetic analysis of registered traits and mathematical models of data processing give the chance on objectivity of this research. During two-year period the hybridological study was kept on 21 quantitative traits which were distributed in four groups. For identification of stability degree of additive and dominant genes the degrees of K1 and K2 values were used: the high degree - to 10%, rather high - to 30%, average - to 50%, unstable - to 70% and very unstable - over 70%. The combinations with maximal breeding value of traits correlated with phenology, actual vine fertility of grapes plants and botanical features of bunches and berries have been determined. The high and rather high stability of dominant genes combined with low variability have been found only in a few combinations of crossings. All crossings have a rather high breeding value and rather weak variability of the traits correlated with the botanical description of berries. Stability of the additive and dominant genes interacted with environment is, mainly high. Genetic potential of additive genes is distinguished by the great breeding value and slight variability. The additive gene effects are manifested comparatively stronger in the genotype-environment interactions in almost all traits and crosses.

Annotation

In the modern breeding of grapes the most attention is paid to preliminary selection of parental couples and to application of the methods allowing to base the selection on a complex assessment of bigger number of registration signs of hybrid plants. The cluster analysis and the analysis of the main components give the chance of obtaining more detailed information on value of separate signs in the grouping of genotypes. Research on detection of phenotypical variability of agric and biological signs and efficiency of selection in F1 from combination of grapes crossing of Armira x Rusalka 1 was conducted by application of the cluster analysis and the analysis of the main components. Experimental work included selection of 30 plants of F1 from combination of crossing of new of grapes - Super Run Bulgar (seed) × Rusalka 1 (seedless). During the four-year period the hybridological analysis of 22 agric and biological signs characterizing the economic value of each plant was carried out. It is established that the highest degree of a variation on the first and second main components possess the traits: productivity, fructification coefficient on shoot and on fruitful shoot, width of grapes bunch, length of berries, average mass of bunch, weight of 100 berries, total quantity of buds, shoot, bunches ets. From the seeded seedlings � 15, 20, 23 and 30 are characterized by the best agric and biological indices and they are suitable for selection, and from the seedless plants - � 29, 28, 26, 18, 14, 11, 5 and 1. In order to develop the new hybrid forms with valuable commercial qualities, plants � 15 and 30 from the seeded seedlings should be crossed.

Annotation

There are correlations between agric biological and technological quantitative traits of grapes influenced on formation of yield. The different methods have been applied for their study in breeding. A research purpose was the identification of impact of parental varieties on variability of quantitative traits in F1 generation of cross combination of seed and seedless grapes varieties. Within 8 years on 30 plants of each variety of F1 generation from hybrid combination of Super Early Bulgar (P1-seed) × Ruby Seedless (P2-seedless) we carried out an account of 21 quantitative traits. The influence of quantitative traits on yield formation in the cross combinations between seed and seedless grapes varieties was studied by means Path-analysis. It is established that the strongest direct and indirect impact on productivity of Ruby Seedless vine is exerted by the traits as total number of shoots; number of fruitful shoots, buds, and bunches; average mass of bunch, and average weight of 100 berries. At seedlings in F1 progeny from hybrid a combination of Super Early Bulgar × Ruby Seedless - such traits as total number of fruitful shoots and total number of shoots the most significantly influence on productivity. The cultivar Super Early Bulgar exerts the greater influence on the phenotype of seedlings in F1 progeny compared to Ruby Seedless. Positive direct influence and weak correlations of two parent varieties on seedlings have been reported for the traits of shoot fertility coefficient, cluster length, sugars, acids and berry width.

Annotation

A method for individual evaluation of the phenotypic and genotypic selection significance of quantitative traits in F1 progeny of a hybrid combination between a seeded and a seedless vine cultivar has been applied. It has been found that this method makes it possible to carry out the objective selection of elite seedlings based on indices and traits, according to the purposes of the selection programme. The rating grades correspond to the formed classes, and the highest or another phenotypic value of the trait can be adopted as optimal, which allows the interpretation of the obtained experimental data in the different selection aspects. Corrected grades and their percentage ratio towards the standard are used for complex agrobiological characterization of plants

Annotation

Comparative biometric characteristics of organs in the male part of the flower � stamens, anthers and connective, in 50 seedless grape varieties grown in the ampelographic collection at the Agrarian University, Plovdiv, were carried out. 100 measurements of the parameters of the male organs of the flower were made: the length and width of the stamen filament, anther and connective. The collection of flower buds from inflorescences was carried out in the phenophase of flowering. They are conventionally divided horizontally into three groups: the base � covers the first few branches of the inflorescences; the middle � branches in the middle part of the inflorescences; the top � the upper parts of the inflorescences. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied, through which relatively homogeneous groups of objects were established. Clustering was carried out using the method of intergroup communication, and the quadratic Euclidean distance was chosen as a measure of proximity. The reason for its use is the proven high coefficient of the contingent in comparison with other clustering methods and measures. With the help of dendrograms, the step-by-step unification of individual objects into clusters (groups) is graphically presented. It was found that in each group of indicators forming variants: the base, middle and top of the inflorescence, there are statistically proven differences between individual varieties and high variability. Depending on their location, they are distributed in sixteen generalized clusters at the base of the inflorescence, in the middle � in four and at the top � in seven, and each of them is made up of several subclusters, which include varieties of different names and numbers. The absence of proven differences in a holistic comparison between all the data on the variants � base : middle : top, confirms the ampelographic proximity of the studied seedless grape varieties, most likely due to the type of parthenocarpy. Mathematically proven morphological features of stamens, anthers, and connective tissue can be used in botanical description and identification