Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

For theoretical and especially practical viticulture, the information related to the ampelographic characteristics of cultivated grape varieties in the specific areas are of interest always, and especially when the results of applying the modern mathematical methods are included. An ampelographic study of table vine cultivars grown in South Bulgaria has been conducted through the application of modern mathematical methods of analysis. It has been found that Victoria grapes is characterized by the highest fertility coefficient. The percentage of fruiting shoots is the highest in Matilda, and the percentage of angular buds developed � in Rousse Large and Pance Prekos. The greatest weight of 100 berries has been reported in Palieri, Danube and Rousse Large grape varieties. The share of the skins in the berries is the most considerable in Bolgar, and the share of seeds � in the Muscat Hamburg. The sugar content of grape berries is the highest in Muscat Hamburg, while the titratable acids are the highest in Italy and Pance Prekos. Danube and Italy grapes are the most suitable for transportation. The study carried out has been shown that the yield per vine and per decare is the greatest in Danube and Victoria. A dominant influence the distribution of the studied cultivars into clusters, according to their genetic remoteness, is exerted by the indicators with maximum factor weight � fertility coefficient, percentage of fruiting shoots, weight of 100 berries, force of berry tearing and grape yield. The results can be used in agricultural technology and breeding with dessert grape varieties.

Annotation

Comparative biometric characteristics of organs in the male part of the flower � stamens, anthers and connective, in 50 seedless grape varieties grown in the ampelographic collection at the Agrarian University, Plovdiv, were carried out. 100 measurements of the parameters of the male organs of the flower were made: the length and width of the stamen filament, anther and connective. The collection of flower buds from inflorescences was carried out in the phenophase of flowering. They are conventionally divided horizontally into three groups: the base � covers the first few branches of the inflorescences; the middle � branches in the middle part of the inflorescences; the top � the upper parts of the inflorescences. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied, through which relatively homogeneous groups of objects were established. Clustering was carried out using the method of intergroup communication, and the quadratic Euclidean distance was chosen as a measure of proximity. The reason for its use is the proven high coefficient of the contingent in comparison with other clustering methods and measures. With the help of dendrograms, the step-by-step unification of individual objects into clusters (groups) is graphically presented. It was found that in each group of indicators forming variants: the base, middle and top of the inflorescence, there are statistically proven differences between individual varieties and high variability. Depending on their location, they are distributed in sixteen generalized clusters at the base of the inflorescence, in the middle � in four and at the top � in seven, and each of them is made up of several subclusters, which include varieties of different names and numbers. The absence of proven differences in a holistic comparison between all the data on the variants � base : middle : top, confirms the ampelographic proximity of the studied seedless grape varieties, most likely due to the type of parthenocarpy. Mathematically proven morphological features of stamens, anthers, and connective tissue can be used in botanical description and identification