Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

For import substitution of table grapes in our country, it is especially important to introduce the new large-berry varieties from early to late ripening, providing a continuous grapes conveyor for harvesting. The search for new donors, the selection of effective combinations of crossing, ensuring the receiving of elegant table varieties is an urgent task in the breeding of grapes. In this study, there were 14 initial forms of grapes and a hybrid fund of 3704 seedlings of 40 combinations of crosses. It has been shown that Flora x Nakhodka Mariuopolya (28.4 %), Flora x Richelieu (43.9 %), Podarok Zaporozhye [Talisman x (V-70-90 + R-65)] x Richelieu (63.9 %) have the highest breeding value by maturity date. The use of the genetic conformity of dark color dominance over the lighter color led to the creation of populations with a sufficiently high breeding value � from 23 to 100 %. The highest breeding value on the sum of signs is noted for the combination of Podarok Zaporozhye x Richelieu (252.9). Highly valuable crosses are selected, which allow to select the most promising parent pairs. There are the Flamingo x Arcadia, the Podarok Zaporozhye x Richelieu, Flora x Nakhodka Mariupolya. A model of the table grape variety is developed according to the maturation period, which includes the main features that determine the phenotypic elegance of table grape genotypes: the mass of berries; mass of bunches; form of berries; coloring of berries. The creation of domestic grape varieties that are competitive on the world market was the result of scientific cooperation. These varieties have gained a high reputation among the vine growers and they are widely spread in Russia and Ukraine.

Annotation

The results of estimation of qualitative indicators of vine materials of protoclones of Sauvignon White grapes were grown in the Temryuk area conditions are presented. The most perspective genotypes are selected on the basis of information that was obtained

Annotation

The aim of the research is to give a comparative agrobiological and economic assessment to some technical grapes varieties in the conditions of the Krymsk district of Krasnodar Region under the system of bushes forming of the Guyot type. On the basis of studying of the degree of embryonic inflorescence in the wintering buds, the optimal length of the fruit shooters pruning to obtain a higher grapes yield of good quality. The objects of the study were grapes bushes of 6 technical varieties of Western European origin, of which 3 varieties with white berries � Riesling, Sauvignon, Chardonnay and 3 varieties with dark berries � Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir. In this paper, the prediction of the vine harvest is presented and a comparative agrobiological and economic evaluation of these grape varieties in the foothill zone of viticulture in the South of Russia is given. Important biological indicators of the studied varieties were determined: the coefficients of fruiting, fertility and productivity of the central buds. This allowed to establish the optimal load of bushes with buds and shoots. Higher yields were recorded at the Merlot plot, where it was 6.53 t/ha. In the foothill of the Krasnodar Region, the technical varieties with dark berries have accumulated a higher amount of sugars. The content of titrated acids in a group of varieties with white berries was higher in Chardonnay � 10.4 g/dm3. In the group of dark-colored varieties, the content of organic acids did not exceed 6.6 g/dm3. The lower cost price of grapes was found in the varieties of Chardonnay and Merlot, respectively, 15.6 thousand rubles per ton and 14.9 thousand rubles per ton.

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The article presents the results of research of the influence of the new water-soluble foliar fertilizers as Atlant Plus, Nutrivant Plus, Kelik potassium-silicon and complex of microelements (KM) - B, Mn and Zn on agrobiological and technological characteristics of the technical grapes variety of Chardonnay. Research were carried out in the AF CGC "Primorskoye" of the Temryuk District. The experimental setup consisted 5 options: no treatment (control); Atlant Plus - 2 kg / ha; Nutrivant Plus - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium-silicon - 3 kg / ha; microelements (In, Zn, Mn) - 600 g / ha. The consumption rate of the working fluid is 500 l / ha. During the growing season the foliar application was carried out in three terms: after flowering, in the growth phase of berries (berry of a pea) and in the beginning of berries ripening. It was found that foliar fertilizing of vines by all tested fertilizers has led to some increase in weight of the bunch and the significant increase in yield from the bush on 4,3-6,5%. Kelik potassium-silicon contributed to an increase in safety factor and fruiting buds, Nutrivant Plus - factor of fruiting, and Atlant Plus and KM - the coefficient of fruitfulness and the number of fruit-bearing buds at least two buds. The use of fertilizers led to a significant increase in the sugar content in the juice of berries and to some reduction in the content of titratable acids. The highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), and the amount of carotene and pigments have appeared in the versions of "Atlanta Plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon", in which the berries have the highest sugar content. Application of Nutrivant Plus and Atlant Plus helped to improve the quality of wine materials. The highest estimate was provided by foliar fertilizing of bushes by complex of micro elements (boron, manganese, zinc).

Annotation

In the unstable conditions of the moderate continental climate of the Anapa-Taman zone, the expansion of the assortment of cultivated grape varieties is very relevant, and allows coping with the annual growing demand for high-quality technical grape varieties for the production of high-quality grape and wine products, at the lowest cost. Thus, our attention was drawn to the Greek interspecific varieties bred jointly with Russian scientists. The article presents the results of economically valuable traits of grape varieties of Greek breeding with colored juice and pulp of the technical direction, laid down by own-rooted seedlings in the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. During the period of research following studies were conducted: phenological observations of the studied varieties; agrobiological characteristic; qualitative indicators of berries juice of the studied varieties. When analyzing the data, it was noted that the studied varieties exceed control variety Saperavi in the main indicators. For example, the Academik Trubilin variety has a yield capacity index in c/ ha � 58,8-66,6 c/ha, the Traminer chernyi variety � 146,6-149,0 c/ha, which is significantly higher than the index of control variety Saperavi � 44,0-46,6 c/ha. According to the qualitative composition of berry juice, it was revealed that the sugar content and titrated acidity of the studied varieties is higher than that of the control variety. For example, the sugar content of berry juice of the Akademik Trubilin variety is 21.2-22.5 g/100 cm3 , and the acidity is 6.5 g/l. The indicators of the Traminer chernyi variety are slightly inferior to the previous one, the sugar content of berry juice is 20.8-21.0 g/100 cm3 , the acidity according to the glucometric indicator exceeds the norm and is 7.2-7.5 g/l. The sugar content of berry juice of the Saperavi variety is 20.5 g/100 cm3 , the titrated acidity is close to the Traminer chernyi variety and is 7.5 g/l.