Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The aim of the research is to give a comparative agrobiological and economic assessment to some technical grapes varieties in the conditions of the Krymsk district of Krasnodar Region under the system of bushes forming of the Guyot type. On the basis of studying of the degree of embryonic inflorescence in the wintering buds, the optimal length of the fruit shooters pruning to obtain a higher grapes yield of good quality. The objects of the study were grapes bushes of 6 technical varieties of Western European origin, of which 3 varieties with white berries � Riesling, Sauvignon, Chardonnay and 3 varieties with dark berries � Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir. In this paper, the prediction of the vine harvest is presented and a comparative agrobiological and economic evaluation of these grape varieties in the foothill zone of viticulture in the South of Russia is given. Important biological indicators of the studied varieties were determined: the coefficients of fruiting, fertility and productivity of the central buds. This allowed to establish the optimal load of bushes with buds and shoots. Higher yields were recorded at the Merlot plot, where it was 6.53 t/ha. In the foothill of the Krasnodar Region, the technical varieties with dark berries have accumulated a higher amount of sugars. The content of titrated acids in a group of varieties with white berries was higher in Chardonnay � 10.4 g/dm3. In the group of dark-colored varieties, the content of organic acids did not exceed 6.6 g/dm3. The lower cost price of grapes was found in the varieties of Chardonnay and Merlot, respectively, 15.6 thousand rubles per ton and 14.9 thousand rubles per ton.

Annotation

The article presents the results of research of the influence of the new water-soluble foliar fertilizers as Atlant Plus, Nutrivant Plus, Kelik potassium-silicon and complex of microelements (KM) - B, Mn and Zn on agrobiological and technological characteristics of the technical grapes variety of Chardonnay. Research were carried out in the AF CGC "Primorskoye" of the Temryuk District. The experimental setup consisted 5 options: no treatment (control); Atlant Plus - 2 kg / ha; Nutrivant Plus - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium-silicon - 3 kg / ha; microelements (In, Zn, Mn) - 600 g / ha. The consumption rate of the working fluid is 500 l / ha. During the growing season the foliar application was carried out in three terms: after flowering, in the growth phase of berries (berry of a pea) and in the beginning of berries ripening. It was found that foliar fertilizing of vines by all tested fertilizers has led to some increase in weight of the bunch and the significant increase in yield from the bush on 4,3-6,5%. Kelik potassium-silicon contributed to an increase in safety factor and fruiting buds, Nutrivant Plus - factor of fruiting, and Atlant Plus and KM - the coefficient of fruitfulness and the number of fruit-bearing buds at least two buds. The use of fertilizers led to a significant increase in the sugar content in the juice of berries and to some reduction in the content of titratable acids. The highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), and the amount of carotene and pigments have appeared in the versions of "Atlanta Plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon", in which the berries have the highest sugar content. Application of Nutrivant Plus and Atlant Plus helped to improve the quality of wine materials. The highest estimate was provided by foliar fertilizing of bushes by complex of micro elements (boron, manganese, zinc).

Annotation

New systems of formation and conducting grape plantings are developed for a zone covered and conditionally covered cultures, consisting that serial conducting bushes among bushes not covered for the winter with highstem a cordon and covered horizontal twisted cordons with twisted inclined stems or on type long-armed unilateral forms on the bottom demountable wire of the lane, providing is provided, annual reception of high crops of grapes at the expense of covered bushes is not dependent on damages of not covered bushes in negative temperatures.

Annotation

The aspect of energy-saving covering viticulture technology � a new forming named a horizontal cordon with a sloping trunk and stable support for him is considered in the article. The indicators of decrease of labor expenses and high fruitfulness of bushes prove its promising as compared with the well known forming for covering culture