Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The aim of the research is to give a comparative agrobiological and economic assessment to some technical grapes varieties in the conditions of the Krymsk district of Krasnodar Region under the system of bushes forming of the Guyot type. On the basis of studying of the degree of embryonic inflorescence in the wintering buds, the optimal length of the fruit shooters pruning to obtain a higher grapes yield of good quality. The objects of the study were grapes bushes of 6 technical varieties of Western European origin, of which 3 varieties with white berries � Riesling, Sauvignon, Chardonnay and 3 varieties with dark berries � Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir. In this paper, the prediction of the vine harvest is presented and a comparative agrobiological and economic evaluation of these grape varieties in the foothill zone of viticulture in the South of Russia is given. Important biological indicators of the studied varieties were determined: the coefficients of fruiting, fertility and productivity of the central buds. This allowed to establish the optimal load of bushes with buds and shoots. Higher yields were recorded at the Merlot plot, where it was 6.53 t/ha. In the foothill of the Krasnodar Region, the technical varieties with dark berries have accumulated a higher amount of sugars. The content of titrated acids in a group of varieties with white berries was higher in Chardonnay � 10.4 g/dm3. In the group of dark-colored varieties, the content of organic acids did not exceed 6.6 g/dm3. The lower cost price of grapes was found in the varieties of Chardonnay and Merlot, respectively, 15.6 thousand rubles per ton and 14.9 thousand rubles per ton.