Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

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The ways for decision of problems of mechanization of viticulture�s branches are described in the article.

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The further improvement of the vineyards variety composition is of great importance in the yield increasing of vineyards. An effective way to increase in the productivity of some varieties is to introduce into cultivation the varieties-clones that increase in the productivity of plantations by 25-30 % and improve the quality of the production. The problem of comprehensive study of promising varieties under specific conditions of their cultivation is actual. This article presents the results of the evaluation of the agrobiological and logistic characteristics of the introduced clone of Muscat Bely VCR-3 in comparison with the classic Muscat Bely variety. Study of embryonic fruitfulness of clone VCR-3 in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea has shown that the initial potential of fruitfulness of buds of this variety is high. The maximum values of the fruiting ratio (K1) were for the clone VCR-3 and they exceeded the control by an average of 18.2 %. The yield of the Muscat Bely VCR-3 clone is higher on 29.5 %, than that of control Muscat Bely variety, which is associated with a large number of berries on the bush and a larger (by 15.1 %) bunch mass. But, the control is characterized by higher values of the sugar mass concentration in the berries juice (more than that of clone an average of 3.8 %). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment, the Muscat Bely VCR-3 clone (IPP = 0.87) is very promising under the condition of research, its agro-biological and qualitative indicators correspond to the modern requirements of industrial grapes cultivation. For a more detailed study of the introduced clone of Muscat Bely VCR-3 under different cultivation conditions, the further study is required, which will be continued in subsequent years.

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Crimea is a resort area, which generates a great demand for early table grapes. The study of agrobiological and economic characteristics of early table grapevine cultivars and assessment of their potential is a question of present interest for the viticulture of Crimea. The aim of the present study is to assess adaptability and potential of introduced table grapevine cultivars based on a set of agrobiological indicators and economically valuable traits with the purpose to recommend them for inclusion into the assortment of grapes cultivated in Crimea. Comprehensive assessment of the agrobiological and economically valuable traits of the studied grapevine cultivars makes it possible to determine their potential for cultivation in the Eastern part of the South Coast zone of Crimea. New table grapevine cultivars belong to early ripening grapes and demonstrate high harvest quality and balanced taste. The studied grapes accumulate sugar within 157,0-175,0 g/dm³, and titratable acids within 5,3-6,5 g/dm³. In terms of potential, �Matilda� and �Victoria Rumynskaya� cultivars are not inferior to standard control cultivar �Italia�. �Victoria Rumynskaya� cultivar is superior to the standard in terms of fertility (K1 = 1,14), and demonstrates high transportability coefficient T1 (70 %). �Matilda� grapes demonstrated high bush fertility and balanced taste (gluco-acidometric index = 24,2), and was superior to control cultivar in the standard product output (80,1 %). It is noted in the article, that the use and introduction of the above cultivars into the grapevine assortment of Crimea can expand the consumption of fresh grapes of early ripening cultivars and improve the image of Crimea as a resort area.

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Means of an agritechnology through the structure of planting and architecture of grapes bushes it is possible to reach the maximum ensuring of plants productivity depending on a complex of natural conditions: ensuring of the photosynthetic active radiation (FAR), water, mineral food etc. It is possible to make it by means of active optimization of process of a crop formation when all agric means are submitted to the main purpose � use of FAR energy with the highest efficiency. The information about parameters of crown and efficiency of physiological indicators of grapes bush is presented in the article. The assessment of realization of potential of efficiency of used Aligote, Aligote-clone and Paponovsky grapes under the influence of technology�s elements is served as the object of research. Parameters of a bush crowns and absorption of FAR energy and their use on creation of organic production were studied. The standard techniques in the wine growing are used for determining of physiological indicators of productivity. In the course of research and analysis of photosynthetic activity of grapes plants the search of communications of parameters of bush crowns with the level of planned harvest is conducted.

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According to the technological requirements for table grapes the transportability of variety is an important quality criterion. It is not always possible to characterize the transportability of table grapes varieties by the transportability coefficient, so the task of our research was to develop a method for objective evaluation of transportability of table grapes varieties and to determine the percentage of influence of cultural practices on transportability�s indexes. Based on a study of indirect transportability�s indexes of table grapes varieties and the results of conducted discriminant analysis, the regression equations describing evaluation of a concrete grapes variety for three levels of transportability were proposed. These equations allow to evaluate the impact of different cultural practices on the percentage of transportability�s properties of a variety in its relation to different groups of transportability. With the purpose of testing the proposed method, the evaluation of impact of foliar feeding (as a cultural practice) on transportability of table grapes varieties was given. The analysis of data showed that, in most cases, the foliar feeding had a significant impact on indirect transportability indexes of studied varieties. The obtained regression equations were also tested with the purpose to evaluate the transportability of new table grapes varieties.