Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The further improvement of the vineyards variety composition is of great importance in the yield increasing of vineyards. An effective way to increase in the productivity of some varieties is to introduce into cultivation the varieties-clones that increase in the productivity of plantations by 25-30 % and improve the quality of the production. The problem of comprehensive study of promising varieties under specific conditions of their cultivation is actual. This article presents the results of the evaluation of the agrobiological and logistic characteristics of the introduced clone of Muscat Bely VCR-3 in comparison with the classic Muscat Bely variety. Study of embryonic fruitfulness of clone VCR-3 in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea has shown that the initial potential of fruitfulness of buds of this variety is high. The maximum values of the fruiting ratio (K1) were for the clone VCR-3 and they exceeded the control by an average of 18.2 %. The yield of the Muscat Bely VCR-3 clone is higher on 29.5 %, than that of control Muscat Bely variety, which is associated with a large number of berries on the bush and a larger (by 15.1 %) bunch mass. But, the control is characterized by higher values of the sugar mass concentration in the berries juice (more than that of clone an average of 3.8 %). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment, the Muscat Bely VCR-3 clone (IPP = 0.87) is very promising under the condition of research, its agro-biological and qualitative indicators correspond to the modern requirements of industrial grapes cultivation. For a more detailed study of the introduced clone of Muscat Bely VCR-3 under different cultivation conditions, the further study is required, which will be continued in subsequent years.

Annotation

Crimea is a resort area, which generates a great demand for early table grapes. The study of agrobiological and economic characteristics of early table grapevine cultivars and assessment of their potential is a question of present interest for the viticulture of Crimea. The aim of the present study is to assess adaptability and potential of introduced table grapevine cultivars based on a set of agrobiological indicators and economically valuable traits with the purpose to recommend them for inclusion into the assortment of grapes cultivated in Crimea. Comprehensive assessment of the agrobiological and economically valuable traits of the studied grapevine cultivars makes it possible to determine their potential for cultivation in the Eastern part of the South Coast zone of Crimea. New table grapevine cultivars belong to early ripening grapes and demonstrate high harvest quality and balanced taste. The studied grapes accumulate sugar within 157,0-175,0 g/dm³, and titratable acids within 5,3-6,5 g/dm³. In terms of potential, �Matilda� and �Victoria Rumynskaya� cultivars are not inferior to standard control cultivar �Italia�. �Victoria Rumynskaya� cultivar is superior to the standard in terms of fertility (K1 = 1,14), and demonstrates high transportability coefficient T1 (70 %). �Matilda� grapes demonstrated high bush fertility and balanced taste (gluco-acidometric index = 24,2), and was superior to control cultivar in the standard product output (80,1 %). It is noted in the article, that the use and introduction of the above cultivars into the grapevine assortment of Crimea can expand the consumption of fresh grapes of early ripening cultivars and improve the image of Crimea as a resort area.

Annotation

A differentiated approach to the selection of effective elements of agricultural technology of grape varieties and clones, the selection of bush shape, determination of bush loading and pruning length of fruit vines is a hot topic of research in cultivation of grapes clones of the European origin. The article presents the results of scientific research aimed at the development of new effective elements of technology for cultivation of clones of wine grape varieties in comparison with the traditional cultivation technology of classic varieties based on improving the system of bush training and increasing in the grape yield. In the course of work, the optimal parameters of agricultural practices were determined (type of training, bush shape, length of pruning and bush loading with shoots and crops), providing a more complete realization of the potential of clones and varieties under study. As a result of research conducted, it was found that the following studied clones of varieties �Cabernet-Sauvignon 3-3-4�, �Muscat Belyi Urozhainyi�, �Rkatsiteli 48 Vysokourozhainyi� and �Chardonnay� from Anapa, when using the developed elements of varietal agricultural technology, were characterized by good inflorescence initiation throughout the length of vine, rated as high and very high, while the K1 values exceeded this indicator of the control varieties by 4.3-27.0 %. In terms of cropping capacity, the studied clones of varieties exceed amounts of same indicator of the control example varieties by 32.9-62.5 % and differ in higher values of mass concentration of sugars in a juice of berries. In experimental variants, the largest increase in the profitability of grape production was observed when using the developed elements of varietal agricultural technology, and amounted to an average of 52.6-87.3 %.

Annotation

The aim of this work is to assess the potential fruitfulness, determine the maximum zone of the values of the coefficient of fruiting, to carried out a regression analysis of the dependence of the inflorescences buds on the placement of buds along the length of the vine of indigenous and local grapes in the Black Sea region of Crimea to further determine the bush`s load and the pruning length of fruit vines. The study were carried out according to generally accepted methods and methodological developments in viticulture. In the Mountain-Valley Seaside Region of the Black Sea agroecological zone of the South Coast Crimea, the zone of maximum values of the coefficient of fruiting of grape plants is defined � from 7 to 10 buds along the length of the shoot. The studied grape varieties of Kokur White and Sary Pandas, according to the results of the study, of very high values of the fruiting coefficient, respectively 1.67 and 1.74; Kefesia variety of low coefficient (0.5); Ekim Kara � high ones (0.96), Asma table � medium ones (0.82). A close correlation was established between the embryonic fruitful-ness of the central buds and the ordinal number of the ocelli along the length of the grape vine. Based on a summary of research results, the regulation of the pruning length of fruit vines has been optimized, which will ensure an increase in the production of grape products. The most productive zone along the length of fruit vines was selected as a potential for future yield. It is indicated that technological solutions should be made to quality: regionalization of varieties taking into account the selection of soil and climatic growing conditions, agricultural technology of the varieties, starting with the determination of potential fruitfulness, aimed at the potential stability of grape varieties taking into account the specialization of the use of raw materials.

Annotation

The reveal of dependencies between the leaf surface of a grape plant, the load of the bush, the length of fruit vines pruning on the one hand, and growth and fruiting on the other hand, reveals the scientific approaches to well ground the most rational selection of elements of variety agrotechnics. As a result of the research, it was established that the tested clones of the Aleatiko 802, Muscat Bely VCR-3, Cabernet Sauvignon R-5 varieties, with developed elements of variety agrotechnics, are vigorous and far exceed the standard varieties. To the end of the growing season, their annual shoots had ripened from 83.6 to 94.8% of their length. The use of an increased level of loads up to 40-50 % and elongation of fruit vines from 3 to 8 buds on the tested clones under the conditions of the Southern Coast Zone of the Crimea with increasing in the load on the bush leads to an increase in the average length of the shoot. The bush form as a one-sided cordon on the introduced clones provides the best maturation of the shoots. In the clone Cabernet Sovignon R-5, compared with the standard variety, reducing the load on the bush from 54 to 24 buds did not effect the growth vigor of the bush. The best ripening was for the variant with the lowest load on the bush � 24 buds with a short pruning of fruit vines. The selected optimal parameters of variety agrotechnics had a positive effect the formation of productivity index (Cp) of Aleatiko 802 clones � from a very high level of productivity to high, in comparison with the standard Aleatico variety (low and average values of this criterion). The clone of Muscat Bely VCR-3 with the tested forms of the bush index of varieties productivity ranged from medium to very high values, the standard variety had the average score of Cp. The Cabernet Sauvignon R-5 clone had Cp from medium to very high, the standard variety Cp is rated as very low and low.