Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Molecular and genetic methods of analysis of genetic polymorphism are highly promising for the evaluation of the diversity of natural populations of rare plant species, including Pancratium maritimum. The works in this direction allow to establish the state of species on the genetic level and to identify the processes of depletion of the gene pool, due to the reduction of the number of species observed in the last decade. The ISSR-markers (inter simple sequence repeat) are widely distributed in the scientific field. The direction of the present study is the selection of effective ISSR markers for genotyping samples Pancratium maritimum cultured in vitro. Pancratium maritimum is a species in a Red book. In the Russia it is only in the Krasnodar Region. Based on the goal of the work the selection of ISSR-markers was carried out to obtain reproducible PCR-fragments. The subsequent determination of the most polymorphic markers from the number selected was conducted further. In the course of the study ISSR-markers UBC818, UBC864, UBC813, UBC825, UBC880, UBC811, UBC827 were tested on 9 samples of Pancratium maritimum. UBC818 and UBC864 markers that showed the clear easily interpretable PCR products were selected. A high level of polymorphism was revealed for marker UBC818 on these samples of Pancratium maritimum. By this marker for used samples of Pancratium maritimum 3 unique fragments were revealed. Selected markers will be further used to estimate the genetic polymorphism of Pancratium maritimum growing on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, as well as to analyze the stability of the genotype in a long-term culture in vitro.

Annotation

At the present, the functional genomics (as a basis of economic valuable signs studying the regulation of genes expression) has been actively developed in plant breeding research. In recent years, it has been shown, that various RNAs, including microRNAs, play an important role in genes regulation by activating or inhibiting the expression of plant growth and development genes, genes to environmental response. Then, quite recently, it was shown that there are a new class of RNA molecules � circular RNA, with size from 100 up to 4000 nucleotids, which are formed from microRNA as a result of back-splicing. They have regulatory functions and interact with macroRNA, as well as with matixRNA, affecting the level of genes expression of growth, development, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this mini-review, an analysis of recent data on the role of circular RNA in the plants is presented. It is also shown specificity their of formation depending on the type of plant tissue of intron, exon, exon-intron origin, the interaction between circular RNA, microRNA, and matrix RNA with indirect influence the genes work, as well as their role in regulating the response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The article has been presented data for searching of plant circular RNA, a bioinformative prediction method, a specific circular RNA for rice, arabidopsis, tea, tomato, cucumber, grapes, soy, peanuts, poncirus, as well as data of their regulatory role in response to stress factors of environment.