Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Development of highly effective and economic methods of accelerated grapes reproduction is necessary for production of landing material of the highest categories of quality through in vitro culture. The purpose of research is the development of highly effective methods of adaptation and the ways of accelerated reproduction of the sanitated grapes saplings. For study of sanitated grapes plants from test-tube 3 experiences were put. Data of the research received in the first experience showed the advantage of grapes plants from test-tube cultivation for in vivo adaptation in the glasses with a volume of 450 ml. In the second experience it is established that survival and development of plants in the cubes of "Agros" proceeded more intensely, than in the peat pots. In the third experience it is shown that the early term of landing is more preferable as it allows you to receive more shoots for rooting. Thus there is an opportunity to receive the well developed plants to the time of optimal term of landing to a constant place. It is established that landing term considerably affected the number of the received green cutting and shoots ripening. The quantity of one-bud cutting of Levadiysky Black grapes of the first term of landing is 15-20 from one bush, and their quantity from plants of the second term of landing is 7-9. As a result of research the advantage of cultivation of grapes plants from test-tube in "Agros" substratum is revealed. The main methods of test-tube grapes cultivation in the "Agros" cubes are offered. The results of experience demonstrate the possibility of successful use for cultivation of grapes saplings, along with the stationary greenhouses, the more simplified constructions.

Annotation

The adaptation to non-sterile conditions is a critical stage for the plants grown using the biotechnological methods on nutrient mediums. The adaptation of the grapes got in vitro method to natural conditions of the environment is of great importance for their production cultivation. Considering the importance of sanitation in vitro of various grapes varieties, the studying of effective adaptation methods of healthy plants to non-sterile conditions and identification of optimal terms of their growing before planting in the open ground is actually. The research were conducted in 2014-2015 on the basis of department of biotechnology of the Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture, taking into account the recommendations on sanitation and micro clone reproduction. 10 table grapes varieties were the objects of research. As a result of carried out research the conditions and techniques allowing to considerably increase in survival of the healthy grapes plants are elaborated. It is shown that planting of plant from test-tube to a cube with IAA solution (0,2 mg/l) and the offered techniques of further plants growing have provided the high survival percent and a good shoot growth of grapes plants with well developed root system. The analysis of the obtained data has shown the high dependence of survival on a genotype's variety. Especially it was visually shown for Kodryanka and Monarch grapes, where the percent of survival was 51,5 and 92,0% when the identical term of adaptation. The cultivation period of healthy grapes plants from a meristem to soil planting is an average 334,1 days. Survival of plants on claydite in the box is 100%, after the wintering is 100% survival of saplings and their good development also have been noted.

Annotation

Studies were conducted in 2019 in the North Caucasus FSAC. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of the use of various concentrations of Benzichol and Etichol preparations in a solid nutrient medium to accelerate the growth and development of in vitro improved micro-cuttings of grapes during clonal propagation. The results of studies on the influence of new synthetic preparations, that offering phytoregulatory, stress-protective, auxin, retardant, and antiviral activity, used in very low doses, which stimulate and accelerate the growth and development of in vitro improved micro-cuttings of grapes are presented. The middle-early Alminskiy variety was used in the experiment. Studies have shown that the addition of phytoregulators and stress-protectors Benzichol and Etihol to the solid nutrient medium according to Murashige and Skoog, for growing in vitro improved micro-cuttings of middle-early Alminskiy variety, at studied concentrations (1×10-7 ; 1×10-9 and 1×10-11 M) did not contribute to the acceleration of the root formation and growth in improved grapes micro-cuttings. At the same time, the use of Benzichol at concentrations of 1×10-7 and 1×10-9 , on the contrary, led to a significant slowdown in root formation in plants. The addition of Benzichol and Etihol preparations to the nutrient medium at a minimum concentration of 1×10-11M had a stimulating effect on the formation of internodes, after 20 days the average number of internodes on 1 plant increased up 0.5-0.7 pcs relative to the control. With the further growth of plants after 30 days, the trend noted above remained, although the difference with control decreased to 0.3 pcs. It indicates the possibility of using these preparations in order to increase the production of high-quality homogeneous virus-free planting material, and later to reproduce healthy young plants, which are necessary for establishing of vineyards.