Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Development of highly effective and economic methods of accelerated grapes reproduction is necessary for production of landing material of the highest categories of quality through in vitro culture. The purpose of research is the development of highly effective methods of adaptation and the ways of accelerated reproduction of the sanitated grapes saplings. For study of sanitated grapes plants from test-tube 3 experiences were put. Data of the research received in the first experience showed the advantage of grapes plants from test-tube cultivation for in vivo adaptation in the glasses with a volume of 450 ml. In the second experience it is established that survival and development of plants in the cubes of "Agros" proceeded more intensely, than in the peat pots. In the third experience it is shown that the early term of landing is more preferable as it allows you to receive more shoots for rooting. Thus there is an opportunity to receive the well developed plants to the time of optimal term of landing to a constant place. It is established that landing term considerably affected the number of the received green cutting and shoots ripening. The quantity of one-bud cutting of Levadiysky Black grapes of the first term of landing is 15-20 from one bush, and their quantity from plants of the second term of landing is 7-9. As a result of research the advantage of cultivation of grapes plants from test-tube in "Agros" substratum is revealed. The main methods of test-tube grapes cultivation in the "Agros" cubes are offered. The results of experience demonstrate the possibility of successful use for cultivation of grapes saplings, along with the stationary greenhouses, the more simplified constructions.

Annotation

The adaptation to non-sterile conditions is a critical stage for the plants grown using the biotechnological methods on nutrient mediums. The adaptation of the grapes got in vitro method to natural conditions of the environment is of great importance for their production cultivation. Considering the importance of sanitation in vitro of various grapes varieties, the studying of effective adaptation methods of healthy plants to non-sterile conditions and identification of optimal terms of their growing before planting in the open ground is actually. The research were conducted in 2014-2015 on the basis of department of biotechnology of the Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture, taking into account the recommendations on sanitation and micro clone reproduction. 10 table grapes varieties were the objects of research. As a result of carried out research the conditions and techniques allowing to considerably increase in survival of the healthy grapes plants are elaborated. It is shown that planting of plant from test-tube to a cube with IAA solution (0,2 mg/l) and the offered techniques of further plants growing have provided the high survival percent and a good shoot growth of grapes plants with well developed root system. The analysis of the obtained data has shown the high dependence of survival on a genotype's variety. Especially it was visually shown for Kodryanka and Monarch grapes, where the percent of survival was 51,5 and 92,0% when the identical term of adaptation. The cultivation period of healthy grapes plants from a meristem to soil planting is an average 334,1 days. Survival of plants on claydite in the box is 100%, after the wintering is 100% survival of saplings and their good development also have been noted.