Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The Astrakhan Region located in the central part of Northern Prikaspiya is one of the most attractive regions for development of industrial wine growing according to existence of suitable lands and a favorable climatic factor. However in the territory of region there are some climatic factors, influence of them decreases the yield or even the vineyards perish. The extreme manifestations of weather include the low temperatures in winter time, early autumn and late spring frosts. Therefore the study and introduction in the production of new high yielding frost and winter hardy grapes varieties have the great importance in increase of profitability of grapes plantings of cover vineyards zone. The article presents the results of the study of 40 grapes varieties in the irrigated area of the Caspian Research Institute of Arid Agriculture in the Astrakhan Region. The purpose of these study is agric-ecological assessment and scientific based selection of different varietal composition of the enological-oriented, adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan Region. The highest yield of the period study the varieties stood out: Muromets - 13.7 t / ha; Rizamat - 13.0 t/ha; Moskovsky - 12,1 t/ha; Sevan - 11.1 t/ha; Sylvaner - 12.4 t/ha; Early Magarach - 13.3 t/ha; Saperavi North - 11.0 t/ha. Maximum weight of the bunches in the early maturity group have the varieties and hybrids: Madlen Muskatny (the average weight of the bunch 350g), Sylvaner (388g), Codryanka (353g); in the middle group - Rizamat (1427g); in the group of late ripening - Moscovskiy and Sevan (520 and 535g, respectively). The maximum content of sugars in the berries have Astrakhanskiy Skorospely precocious (23.3%), Silvaner (25.3%), Madlen Muskatny (23.2%), Shasla Rozovaya (25.3%). As a result of research 11 high-table and technical varieties, the most adapted to the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian have been revealed.