Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Common plum is one of the important fruit crops. On the basis of the gene pool of varieties and hybrids of the Krymsk EBS � branch of FRC ARIPGR named after N.I. Vavilov, a new promising variety of common plum was created � Zhemchuzhina Juga, which meets the agroecological conditions of the Krasnodar region for fruit plantations. The article shows the results of a comprehensive assessment of a new early variety of common plum, obtained from targeted inter-varietal crossing. The new variety has the following economically valuable indicators: early maturity � gives a stable yield for 3-4 years after planting; early fruit ripening � beginning-middle of the second decade of July; large-fruitedness � the average weight of the fruit is from 61.0 g and above, the fruits are one-dimensional; average yield capacity � 30.2 q/ha; resistant to fungal diseases (moniliosis less than 1 point, clasterosporiasis � 0 points); drought resistance � medium; variety of universal purpose with high quality of fresh fruits (4.7 points) and processed products (juice, compote, dried fruits over 4.5 points); high biochemical indicators of fruits (dry matter � 17.7%, sugar � 10.1%, acidity - 0.74%). The tree of Zhemchuzhina Juga variety is medium-sized from 1.70 m to 2.5 m, of medium density with straight shoots. The fruits are oblong in shape with a delicate skin, the main color is yellow, the integument is burgundy, solid, the flesh is yellow, tender, the character of the taste is sweet. The stone is large � 1.3 g, and flattened. The variety is included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation.

Annotation

Krasnodar Region is one of the largest suppliers of fresh strawberry berries to the industrial regions of the country. Fruits of strawberry are the most valuable raw materials for the food and confectionery industry. However, almost no day-neutral strawberry varieties of intensive type for the southern zone, particularly for the Krasnodar Region, which combine the complex resistance to drought and high temperatures in a summer and high stable yield with good fruit flavor and transportability. Today, the best of the domestic varieties of day-neutral strawberry have not the promising complex of agronomic valuable traits: the level of productivity more than 15 t / ha, diameter of berries of 25-35 mm, the minimum allowable limit of productivity of 600 g / bush, bright red color of berries with capacity for storage. On the basis of the Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station (Krymsk of Krasnodar Region) the evaluation of productivity of day-neutral varieties is carried out: Aromas, Elizaveta 2, Irma, Louise, Seascape, Thelma, Evie-2. It is found during study that these varieties at positive temperatures in the range +12 ÷ + 33 � C, regardless of the length of the day, may yield the first berries within the first two months after their landing on a constant place. Day-neutral varieties may exceed the yield of short-day varieties due to the ability to form a large number of stems and fruiting in a long time period - from the middle of May until the first frost. It is established, that on productivity all stadied day-neutral strawberry varieties may be suitable for cultivation in the commercial plantations, as the most optimal varieties for the intensive plantations in the South of Russia can be recommended for a wide production testing the varieties of neutral day: Irma, Evie-2 Aromas.

Annotation

Garden strawberry is the earliest fruiting crop in southern Russia, and is very popular among consumers. Today, one of the important tasks of modern berry growing in Russia is to improve the assortment and increase in its adaptability based on an increase in the share of local selection varieties. Of relevance to the Southern zone of fruit growing is the task of creating the intensive-type neutral-day varieties that combine comprehensive resistance to drought and high temperatures, diseases and vermins, stable high yield, good taste and transportability. Of particular importance and relevance in the zone of intense tension of hydrothermal factors is the identification from the available genetic diversity of strawberry, the varieties and forms with increased drought tolerance. In this direction, the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, VIR Branch carries out this research. The result of these works was a new strawberry variety of fruiting neutral day type � Pelagia. The variety was created in 2007-2011 by the method of intraspecific intersortal hybridization in combination with multi-stage selection from the hybrid family of Elizaveta 2 and Irma. The variety is zoned in 2020. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of economically valuable traits of this variety. It was found that it surpasses the variety landed in region of Elizaveta 2 on large-fruited (average berry weight of 15.3 g, control � 12.7 g), quality of marketable products, and productivity: 850.3 g / bush and 612.8 g / bush (control). According to the level of drought tolerance, this variety is at the level of the parent form � Elizaveta 2. Study have confirmed that the Elizaveta 2 ariety is a source of high productivity and drought tolerance.