Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The Crimea is known as a recreational zone where a question of early receipt of fresh grapes during a resort season, and also the extension of the period of its consumption is very urgent. For the solution of this task the cultivation of grapes of early table varieties under the conditions of the covered soil is offered, that will provide the super early harvests. The agric and biological characteristics of table varieties of very early maturing are studied. The variability of beginning and passings of phenological phases is established, the potential efficiency and productivity is defined. The economic effect of cultivation of grapes varieties under the conditions of the uncovered and covered soil is estimated. Four table grapes varieties of very early maturing - Arkadia (control), Vostorg, Kodryanka, Livya are researched. It is shown that Arkadia and Kodryanka varieties have the rather late blooming of buds in the covered soil, and in the open soil. It is established that under the conditions of the covered soil the technological maturity of the studied grapes varieties in average comes in the second decade of July, at the same time a difference in terms of approach of technological maturity is in average 25 days. The smallest harvest from a bush is received for Vostorg grapes in covered soil (7,5 kg), and in the open ground (6,9 kg). The top yield is received at Livya variety in the covered soil - 11,2 kg. Indicators of net profit of Vostorg grapes have not insignificant distinctions when use the various technologies of cultivation. The Arkadia grapes (847,5 thousand rub/hectare), the Kodryanka (956,9 thousand rub/hectare) and the Livya (1291,4 thousand rub/hectare) allow you to gain the high economic effect of grapes cultivation in the covered soil.