Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of the carried out research is development of a way of a formation of sweet cherry trees on a high growing rootstock at high density of plants landing (5,0 x 2,0m). Research are carried out under the soil climatic conditions of LLC "Interinvest", of Stavropol Region. Objects of research are the sweet cherry varieties of various ecological-geographical origin: Zemfira, General-skaya, Donetskiy Ugolyok. The results of research allowing to recommend the new system of pruning of sweet cherry trees on strongly growing rootstock are presented in this article. At this system the low-trunk skeleton of crown with vertically growing the same branches is formed. Periodic rejuvenation of these branches will promote the formation in a crown of young flexible branches (5-6 years). It allows you to carry out the harvesting of sweet cherry fruits without garden ladders and it increases in labor productivity. Use of a strongly growing rootstock stimulates the rapid growth of vertically focused branches in a crown of trees, increases in intensity of process of generative buds formation and accelerates the plants introduction in fructification that gives the chance of getting of industrial harvest of sweet cherry fruits for 2-3 year after laying of branches. It is noted that when increase in stressful influences during cultivation (a heat, a drought, hot dry winds, the frosts) the new system of formation of sweet cherry trees on a strongly growing rootstock in the gardens of intensive type increases in resistance of plants to influence of stressful factors of the environment. When forming a harvest of sweet cherry fruits on the vertical highly growing branches during the early-spring periods of vegetation the decrease in harvest loss from frosts, and also from a hail that more damages the horizontal branches of trees is reached.