Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In viticulture, the grapes assortments is one of the factors determining the stability, productivity of plantations and the direction of product using. The introduction of new valuable varieties provides an increase in the yield, and production of vine and wine products. Of particular value are the varieties � sources of group immunity to major diseases and vermins, and the varieties with high adaptive potential. Consumers are interested not only in the beautiful kind of bunches and berries, but also in the high taste of table grapes. Therefore, one of the main direction of grapes breeding in the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and wine-making is the cultivation of grapes varieties of table direction, possessing a set of economically valuable and adaptive significant features suitable for intensive, resource- energy-saving technologies for grapes cultivation. As a result of carried out agrobiological, phenological and technological study, three new hybrid forms of table grapes were identified of early, middle and middle-late maturation. The selected forms are characterized by high morphological and economically valuable signs. The new hybrid forms of grapes were created as a result of crossing such high-quality varieties as Moldova � the Moldovan breeding variety as a donor of resistance; the Cardinal and Koroleva Vinogradnikov � as the donors of high quality and economic and commodity traits. The article gives a brief description of the selected forms. It is shown that the new hybrid grapes forms of III-59-43, III-62-49, III-62-10 are characterized by a beautiful outward appearance of the bunches and berries, and also they have an average bunch weight, convenient for packing and further transportation.

Annotation

When analyzing the state of viticulture development of the Russia it was noted in the assortment the lack of early varieties of table grapes with high storability and transportability, and high-quality technical varieties, resistant to adverse environmental factors. Now the domestic grapes varieties of technical direction become more and more popular. The creation of new high quality varieties resistant to frost, variousdiseases and pests is the access to a market for ecological viticulture and for production of qualitative domestic wines. Creating of high-quality, relatively resistant to phylloxera technical grapes varieties for own-rooted culture using hybridization method is the most promising direction of breeding in which the problem of combating phylloxera is solved most radically. This article presents the results of the work of breeders of Anapa's experimental station for the creation and study of new hybrid grapes forms of table and technical direction, and it was given the detailed morphological characteristics of selected hybrid forms. In the hybridization the best achievements of domestic and foreign breeding of interspecific origin were used. In recent years, the breeders of Anapa's zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking were selected the hybrid forms of new generation that correspond to modern requirements of high quality domestic wine. Also the significant work has been done on varieties of table direction, characterized by a large bunches and berries, with unusual shape, beautiful color and high taste qualities. The new selected hybrid grapes form of AZESV&W breeding, that have a high potential of productivity and quality, it is necessary to reproduct further and transfer them to the State tasting.

Annotation

When assessing the state and development of the viticulture industry of the Russian Federation, it was noted the deficiency of early seedless grapes varieties table direction in the assortment. Currently, an increasing attention to seedless grapes, which is the most popular among consumers is noted in the world. The grapes seedlessness has a great economic value, especially for varieties whose harvest is intended for fresh consumption and preparation of dried products (kishmish). In addition, kishmish grapes varieties, intended for fresh consumption, are especially suitable for children and dietary nutrition. New seedless grapes varieties of all use and ripening periods should have an increased resistance to frost, drought, diseases and pests, to have high yield capacity of good quality, and also to have a wide plasticity that would ensure high productivity under the different soil and climate conditions. The breeders of Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking obtained by purposeful selection of parent pairs, the most successful combinations of crossings, from which the valuable forms were selected with complex of economic and biological signs for further study. In this article, the characteristics of promising seedless table grapes varieties of early and middle ripening of AZOSV&W breeding are presented, and their biological features are described. Table kishmish grapes are introduced into production: Lotos, Zhemchug Anapa, Kishmish Rozovy AZOS, Romantica characterized by beautiful appearance of bunches and berries and pleasant taste qualities. These varieties are technological, according to their agrobiological indicators, and meet the modern requirements of industrial cultivation.