Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the technical grades and new grape hybrid forms of Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking breeding answered the requirements of the modern market of wine industry and with ecological plasticity.

Annotation

Now in Russia the production of new types of wines is developing, for preparation of them the careful selection of assortment is necessary. Wine produktion has to conform to high requirements and differ consumer properties that in the production of qualitative wines are shown at certain agribiological and economic combinations of variety. Agribiological and economic and valuable features of perspective grapes variety of the technical direction � Pamyat Zotkinoy of the Anapa�s Zonal Experimental station of Viticulture and Winemaking (�ZESV&W) selection are shown in the article. The research, directed on definition of indicators of fructification of Pamyat Zotkinoy grapes, were carried out on vineyards of Experimental Industrial Enterprise "Anapa" of the Anapa�s area at the scheme of plants landing is 2,5×1,5 by m. The organoleptic assessment of the young wine made from grapes was carried out by a tasting method. Data of the conducted research allowed to give to studied variety a total characteristic on indicators of productivity and harvest (6-8 kg from a bush) and sugar capacity (20 g / 100 cm3). The variety has a high tolerance to a phylloxera. It is established that the wine prepared from studied grapes variety has the high organoleptic properties � delicate, bright, original flavor, especially in the dessert version, with a tasting assessment 8,9 points. The conclusion follows that the grapes variety Pamyat Zotkinoy of the technical direction, created at the Anapa Experimental Station, is capable to give qualitative raw materials for production of competitive wines.

Annotation

The need to increase the production of resistant to phylloxera high-quality varieties for ensuring the increasing of profitability of vine and winemaking industry is growing now. The results of work of breeding department of the Anapa Experimental Station of Vine growing and Winemaking for improvement of grapes assortment, creating forms steady against a root phylloxera are presented in the article. Degree of stability of the European grapes varieties to a phylloxera in the Anapa region of Krasnodar Region was researched. On a provocative background 300 varieties most extended in the viticulture areas of our country are tested. The varieties of the Black Sea area show the most resistance to phylloxera under these conditions. From the assortment of grapes varieties the Fillokseroustoychivy Dzhemete was allocated who was almost completely steady against a root form of a phylloxera. This variety was served as a parental form of new perspective grapes varieties. The conducted research allowed to allocate from hybrid fund of Anapa Experimental Station the perspective hybrid forms which except the resistance to phylloxera possess the high frost resistance, the long period of planting productivity, the high duality of fruits. The bushes of the allocated grapes hybrids are characterized by the strong growth and good ripening of shoots (70-75%). Average productivity of grapes orchards is 130-140 c/hectare. During research the new hybrid forms consistently were giving a quality harvest and possess a good sugar accumulate. The specified grapes hybrid forms are characterized by high quality of received wine material with an average tasting assessment of 7,8-7,9 points. These forms can be recommended for transfer to the State varieties testing of the Russian Federation with their further reproduction and distribution to all viticulture regions of Russia.

Annotation

When analyzing the state of viticulture development of the Russia it was noted in the assortment the lack of early varieties of table grapes with high storability and transportability, and high-quality technical varieties, resistant to adverse environmental factors. Now the domestic grapes varieties of technical direction become more and more popular. The creation of new high quality varieties resistant to frost, variousdiseases and pests is the access to a market for ecological viticulture and for production of qualitative domestic wines. Creating of high-quality, relatively resistant to phylloxera technical grapes varieties for own-rooted culture using hybridization method is the most promising direction of breeding in which the problem of combating phylloxera is solved most radically. This article presents the results of the work of breeders of Anapa's experimental station for the creation and study of new hybrid grapes forms of table and technical direction, and it was given the detailed morphological characteristics of selected hybrid forms. In the hybridization the best achievements of domestic and foreign breeding of interspecific origin were used. In recent years, the breeders of Anapa's zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking were selected the hybrid forms of new generation that correspond to modern requirements of high quality domestic wine. Also the significant work has been done on varieties of table direction, characterized by a large bunches and berries, with unusual shape, beautiful color and high taste qualities. The new selected hybrid grapes form of AZESV&W breeding, that have a high potential of productivity and quality, it is necessary to reproduct further and transfer them to the State tasting.

Annotation

When assessing the state and development of the viticulture industry of the Russian Federation, it was noted the deficiency of early seedless grapes varieties table direction in the assortment. Currently, an increasing attention to seedless grapes, which is the most popular among consumers is noted in the world. The grapes seedlessness has a great economic value, especially for varieties whose harvest is intended for fresh consumption and preparation of dried products (kishmish). In addition, kishmish grapes varieties, intended for fresh consumption, are especially suitable for children and dietary nutrition. New seedless grapes varieties of all use and ripening periods should have an increased resistance to frost, drought, diseases and pests, to have high yield capacity of good quality, and also to have a wide plasticity that would ensure high productivity under the different soil and climate conditions. The breeders of Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking obtained by purposeful selection of parent pairs, the most successful combinations of crossings, from which the valuable forms were selected with complex of economic and biological signs for further study. In this article, the characteristics of promising seedless table grapes varieties of early and middle ripening of AZOSV&W breeding are presented, and their biological features are described. Table kishmish grapes are introduced into production: Lotos, Zhemchug Anapa, Kishmish Rozovy AZOS, Romantica characterized by beautiful appearance of bunches and berries and pleasant taste qualities. These varieties are technological, according to their agrobiological indicators, and meet the modern requirements of industrial cultivation.