Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The effectiveness of protective measures in the viticulture largely depends on the timeliness of their implementation, the correctness of the chosen processing time of plantations, schemes of spraying, infectious background, antiresistant strategiy for drugs use. This article presents the results of a two-year study on possibility and efficiency of �PFKleros� application for technical grape variety of Chardonnay, 1977 landing, in the conditions of Southern coast of Crimea. In the study the well-known viticulture methods are used. It was established that triple vineyard treatment with the tested preparation �PFKleros� reduces Tetranychidae population by 69.2-85.7 %, depending on the application rate, which is consistent with the results obtained under application of standard preparation Zolon. The biological effectiveness of the protection system engaging triple treatment against oidium made 7.5 %, which is consistent with the results obtained under application of standard preparation Topaz. The results of research showed that treatments with �PFKleros� preparation on average increase in the harvest of Chardonnay grapes by 38.5-50.0 %, where as the yield surplus is estimated at 2.0-2.6 t/ha. The positive effect of the studied preparation on the quality of Chardonnay grapes was confirmed, as demonstrated by increased from 2.4 up to 7.3 % sugar mass concentration in the berry juice. It was established that treatments with �PFKleros� preparation catalyze growth processes. The positive effect of the studied preparation was reflected in the increased by 13.3-25.7 % shoot length on overage, increased by 14.8-24.4 % in leaf surface and increased by 9.1-18.9 % in extent of shoot lignification, as compared to control (the plants without of treatment).

Annotation

In this work, organic fertilizer �OFA� with its effect on the yield, quality of grapes and base wines is examined. The aim of the research was to establish the effect of foliar dressing with �OFA� organic fertilizer at a hectare rate of 1 l/200 l of water per yield, quality of Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes, as well as physicochemical parameters of base wines. The studies were carried out in FSUE �PJSC �Massandra�, Southern Coast of Crimea in a grafted, fruit-bearing vineyard, with a high-trunk bush training � spiral cordon AZOS-1, planting pattern 3.0 x 1.25 m. The control is without treatment. Foliar treatment was carried out three times in phenological growth stages: �Before flowering�, �Two weeks after flowering�, �Formation and growing of berries�. Records and observations were carried out according to methods generally accepted in viticulture. Physicochemical profiles were determined using liquid chromatography (Shimadzu LC20 Prominence). As a result of the research, it was found that foliar application of peat-based organic fertilizer in the vineyard is one of the most effective ways to increase the bunch weight, yield per bush and cropping capacity. This was reflected in an increase in the bunch weight by 28.3%, as well as yield per bush and cropping capacity by 38.1% and 37.5%, respectively. A positive response of plants on foliar dressing, reflected in an increase in potential photochemical activity of leaves by 11.6%, was established. At the same time, the content of sugars in berry juice decreased by 2.5 g/100 cm3 , while the values of titratable acids increased by 1.9 g/dm3 . The prevalence in acidic profile of malic acid over tartaric acid by 31.0% and 11.1% was established in experimental and control variants of base wines, respectively. It is noted that using of organic fertilizer �OFA� ensures obtaining of high quality base wines. Tasting assessment of base wines was 7.9 points, corresponding to the control sample assessment