Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

According to the complex of valuable biological characteristics it is evaluated the promising apple varieties of regional and foreign selection with MM 106 rootstock under the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania. The studies were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted and developed by the employees of the selection center of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW programs and methods of breeding and variety study. Objects of research is genotypes of apple-trees of different ploidy and genetic origin. In total, there were 31 cultivars and 1 elite apple form in the study. According to the results of long-term data of ecological variety testing, the varieties with early, middle, late and very late dates of the beginning of the growing season are identified. The apple varieties of Zolotaya Korona, Zolotoy Potok, Interprise, Lyubimoe Dutovoy, Pink Lady, Prikubanskoe, Red Chif, Champion Reno, Florina, Fuji and elite 12/2-20-35 with late flowering and mixed fruiting are selected. It was established that the varieties of Pinova, Carmen, Liberty and elite 12/2-20-35 have annual abundant flowering (4,8-5,0 points) and a higher average yield among the studied varieties � up to 38,40-52, 63 t/ha under the condition of North Ossetia-Alania. According to the results of many years research, the apple genotypes promising for breeding and production were identified, there are Lyubimoe Dutovoy and the elite form 12/2-20-35 with a complex of valuable biological characteristics � annual plentiful flowering, late flowering, mixed fruiting and high productivity. Ecological variety study of apple genotypes of various genetic origin under the conditions of North OssetiaAlania made it possible to select and recommend the most valuable varieties for use in breeding and production.

Annotation

The article assesses the apple varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in the Northern Ossetia-Alania using the one of the most important signs of fruit quality � large fruiting. The studies were carried out according to the programs and methods generally accepted and developed by the staff of the center for selection of FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The objects of research are apple genotypes of different ploidy and genetic origin. In total, there were 25 apple varieties in the study, of which 13 are domestic and 12 are foreign breeding. According to the results of long-term studies, the most large-fruited varieties and elite forms of apple-tree were selected in the Southern region of Russia: the summer variety of Soyus, autumn � Vasilisa, Carmen, Lyubava, Talisman, early winter � Ligol, winter and late winter � Lyubimoe Dutovoy, Zolotaya Krona, 12/2-20-35, Prikubanskoe. Among the varieties selected by valuable sign of large-fruited, there are all apple varieties of regional breeding, excepting the Ligol variety. The most large-fruited among summer varieties � Soyus variety (330 g); among all the studied varieties � Talisman, the average and maximum fruit weight of which is 523.6 g and 534.0 g, respectively. The most of the cultivated varieties and elite forms of apple-tree selected for large-fruited sign were obtained as a result of the joint breeding of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW and the FSBSI All-RRIHB and they are immune to scab: Soyuz, Vasilisa, Carmen, Lyubava, Talisman and 12/2-20-35. The study of apple varieties and elite forms of different genetic origin and ploidy and different ripening terms in the conditions of Northern Ossetia-Alania allowed us to identify the most valuable of them for use in breeding and produc-tion.