Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Ulyanovskaya Elena
Articles in journal: (total 33)
Evaluation of the potential of new apple varieties and forms in the conditions of North Ossetia Alania is based on the study of the main elements of the productivity system: rapidity, the rate of increase in yield, the regularity of fruiting, and yield. The article gives an assessment of the production potential of promising apple varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in the conditions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The studies were carried out according to the generally accepted programs and methods of selection and sorting of fruit crops. We studied the early maturity, the regularity of fruiting, the yield of trees of different varieties of apple. High-speed varieties of regional selection Fairy, Dawn, Talisman, Carmen, Gold Stream and foreign selection Liberty with very early maturity were allocated for the second year after planting annual garden plants on the MM-106 stock. It was noted that the the sign of the early fruit of the apple cultivar, with the exception of the Fairy variety, is immune to scab. The most productive varieties and forms of apple trees are distinguished in 2017: regional selection Prikubanskoe, In memory of esaulu, Union, Rodnichok, Carmen, Talisman, Lubava, Lubimoe Dutova, 12 / 2-20-35; foreign selection Gala Galaxy, Sunrise, Ligol, Pinova, Red Chif. The stable flatratio for the years of research (2014-2017) was noted in the apple-tree sorts: Red Amber, Soyuz, Prima, Gala Galaxy, Florina, Pinova and elite form 12/2-20-35. The study of the production potential of promising apple varieties of various maturation periods in the conditions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania made it possible to identify the most valuable varieties from among the studied for use in breeding research and production.
In the South of Russia, one of the most promising direction of apple tree breeding is the creation of high-quality varieties, immune and resistant to scab, which are the basis of domestic biological resources of culture under the import substitution conditions. The purpose of this research is the search, mobilization and conservation of the apple genetic resources for study, conservation and use of the biodiversity of cultivated plant forms in breeding and production. The study were carried out according to the generally accepted programs and methods of breeding and variety study. Objects of research are the apple varieties and forms (Malus x domestica Borkh.) of different ploidy and genetic origin. The following parameters were studied: early ripening, weak growth, regular fruiting, yield, resistance to the main fungal pathogens (scab and powdery mildew), fruit quality, including large fruiting. As a result of carried out research 9 genetic varieties of the apple tree (Retinda, Reakta, Remo, Resi, Retina, Resista, ZIVG-198, Nesterova's Memory, Stella) were stored and they replenished the genetic apple collection. The brief characteristic of these varieties is given. The valuable apple genotypes of different ploidy are distinguished: the sources of early fruit bearing and weak growth, and winter hardiness, combining the immunity to scab with high field resistance to powdery mildew, and also with late blossom (allowing to avoid the spring frosts). In the course of the research work, the valuable sources of the main agrobiological signs of the apple tree have been identified. Two new donors of immunity to scab are created in NCFSCHVW together with All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding elite form of 12 / 1-21-12 and Granatovoe variety (from the family Aidared x Balsgard 0247E) fast fruit bearing, drought-resistant, yielding, with fruits of high quality and winter ripening.
The new apples genotypes combining the high quality of fruits with stability to abiotic and biotic stress-factors of environment are allocated on the basis of selection on a phenotype in the combination with identification of target signs by method of molecular DNA marking and biochemical methods of research.
Laboratory and field data on studying of physiological and biochemical features of resistance to drought of different chromosomal apple-tree forms are presented.
Laboratory and field datas on study of phenological, morphological, biochemical and technological fruits features of different chromosomal apple-tree forms with higher rates of ecological safety are presented