Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This article shows the results of research work carried out within the framework of the RFBR grant project (agreement No. 19-416-230025) and the agreement on scientific cooperation between the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking � a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution �North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking� and the Federal State Budgetary Institution �Utrish State Nature Reserve�. As a result of research carried out, the wild grapes were found in the tracts of the Vodyanaya Shchel and Lobanova Shchel on the territory of the Utrish Nature Reserve, unique in its natural and historical conditions (the ancient human settlements) in the number of 16 populations, the vine of which is visually tolerant to the effects of abiotic and biotic environmental factors. It is found also 5 populations of wild grapes along the banks of the Kuban river, similar in appearance to cultural grapes. Morphological and biological study of the vegetative and generative spheres of grape plants founded and genetic analysis of the apical part of young shoots was carried out to identify and establish the origin of the studied forms. A detailed description of their ecological growing conditions is made. The samples were taken from wild vines for genetic analysis. Wild grape plants in the studied territories have significant differences in the morphology of vegetative and generative organs. Particularly it is concern to such features as color, shape, leaf pubescence and gofference, the tops forms of the young shoot, the depth of the leaf upper cuts, the shape and depth of leaf hollow, the shape of leaf sheet cogs, color of skin and pulp of the berries. The most variable were the next sings: the openness of the top of the young shoot, the shape and pubescence of the lower side of the leaf formed.

Annotation

The wild forms of grapes in the forests of the State nature reserve �Utrish� are found for first time and studied. Several habitats of wild grapes, presumably belonging to the species of Vitis vinifera ssp, silvestris Gmel. or its varieties - var. tipica Negr. � typical wild forest grapes have been studied. A detailed description of the phytocenoses in which the studied forms of plants grow is carried out. Ecological and geographical characteristics of their habitats are given. The samples were taken for further genetic analysis. It is noted in the article that many research have been carried out on the study of wild plants and indigenous grape varieties in the Crimea, Daghestan, along the banks of the Don and others, but there is still no scientific data on the origin and presence of Kuban wild and indigenous forms of grapes. As for the territory of the Utrish reserve, as a unique place of ancient settlements, such studies will be conducted for the first time. Recently, the biodiversity of the Vitaceae Juss family markedly increases, at the same time there are new data on the expanding gene pool of cultural and wild grapes Vitis vinifera L. At the same time, there are new methods of polymorphism analysis of such diversity, but the problem of cultivated grapes origin remains unresolved. This article presents only the first scientific data on the ecological conditions of growth and morphological and biological features of the founded wild forms of grapes in the territory of the Utrish State reserve. It is important to note that this study is only the beginning of research work on the study of the origin of the Kuban wild grapes and identification among them of the sources, and in the future � donors of resistance to various biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The ultimate goal of this study is to include the selected sustainable wild forms in the breeding process and replenishment of the grapes gene pool.